Homogeneous anisotropic solutions of einstein's equations with the cosmological term

Homogeneous anisotropic models of the Universe with a flat associated space full of pulverized material are derived, due allowance being made for the effect of the A term. It is shown that the presence of this term-whether positive or negative-accelerates the isotropization of the solution.Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 12, pp. 117–120, December, 1971.     

Protective Effect of Thymus serrulatus Essential Oil on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats,through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of NF-κB,iNOS, and Smad2 mRNA Expression

The purpose of the research was to examine the protective effect of essential oil from Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (TSA oil) against cadmium (Cd)-induced renal toxicity. The experimental protocol was designed using 30 healthy adult Wistar albino rats allocated into five groups containing six animals in each group. Group 1 was treated as normal control and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂, 3 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Group 3 was also treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg, PO) as a standard group, while groups 4 and 5 were administered with TSA oil at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg PO, respectively. The nephrotoxicity was measured with various parameters such as kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory factors. The histological studies were also evaluated in the experimental protocol. The CdCl₂-treated groups showed a significant increase in the levels of serum kidney function markers along with MDA levels in kidney homogenate. However, renal GSH level was found to be reduced significantly. It was found that CdCl₂ significantly upregulated the nuclear factor levels of kappaB (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2) as compared to the normal control group. On the other hand, TSA oil significantly improved the increased levels of serum kidney function markers, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, TSA oil significantly downregulated the increased expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and Smad2 in Cd-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the histological changes in the tissue samples of the kidney of Cd-treated groups were significantly ameliorated in the silymarin- and TSA-oil-treated groups. The present study reveals that TSA oil ameliorates Cd-induced renal injury, and it is also proposed that the observed nephroprotective effect could be due to the antioxidant potential of TSA oil and healing due to its anti-inflammatory action.     

Stereoselective synthesis of novel C-3 functionalized 3-sulfonyl-β-lactams: Promising biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds

An efficient and operationally simple strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of novel C-3 functionalized 3-sulfonyl-β-lactam heterocycles is described. The C-3 functionalized 3-phenyl/benzylsulfonyl-β-lactams 3/3′, 5/5′ has been synthesized via Michael addition using different Michael acceptors on trans-3-phenyl/benzylsulfonyl-β-lactams 2(a–f) using K₂CO₃ as a base and acetonitrile/DMF as solvents. The reaction furnished exclusively cis-β-lactam adducts 3(a–r) using sterically less hindered Michael acceptors. Further, the effect of steric bulk and chiralilty of Michael acceptors was explored to achieve target C-3 functionalized β-lactams 3(s-u)/3′(s-u) and 5(a–c)/5′(a–c). The structural and stereochemical analysis of novel β-lactams were carried out using FT-IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹H-¹H COSY, ¹H-¹³C COSY and ¹³C DEPT-135), elemental analysis (CHNS), mass spectrometry (EIMS and LCMS) in representative cases and single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies (3e). The cis or trans configuration of the Michael acceptor (E) at C-3 was assigned with respect to C4-H.     

1 mJ Passively Q-switched Nd:YAB laser using a V:YAG crystal

We describe the design and operation of a diode-pumped compact and efficient Nd:YAB laser operating at 1338 nm. We use a passive Q-switch V:YAG crystal to achieve 1 mJ Q-switched pulses at the laser output. The laser elaborated provides an average power of 1.5 W in the CW regime and 1 W in Qswitched mode with an optical efficiency of 15 and 10%, respectively. A 65 mm plano-concave cavity is formed with an output in the TEM₀₀ mode. At a pulse width of 15 ns, the achieved peak power is 66 kW.     

Interfacial mechanisms governing cyclopentane clathrate hydrate adhesion/cohesion

The present work uses a micromechanical force apparatus to directly measure cyclopentane clathrate hydrate cohesive force and hydrate-steel adhesive force, as a function of contact time, contact force and temperature. We present a hydrate interparticle force model, which includes capillary and sintering contributions and is based on fundamental interparticle force theories. In this process, we estimate the cyclopentane hydrate tensile strength to be approximately 0.91 MPa. This hydrate interparticle force model also predicts the effect of temperature on hydrate particle cohesion force. Finally, we present the first direct measurements of hydrate cohesive force in the gas phase to be 9.1 ± 2.1 mN/m at approximately 3 °C (as opposed to 4.3 ± 0.4 mN/m in liquid cyclopentane).     

Measurement of(n,α)and(n,2n)reaction cross sections at a neutron energy of 14.92±0.02 MeV for potassium and copper with uncertainty propagation

Experimentally measured neutron activation cross sections are presented for the ⁶⁵Cu(n,0)^62mCu,⁴¹ K(n,a)^38Cl,and ⁶⁵Cu(n.2n)⁶⁴Cu reactions with detailed uncertainty propagation.The neutron cross secions were measured at an incident energy of 14.92±0.02 MeV,and the neutrons were based on the(d,n)a fusion reaction.The ²⁷ Al(n,a)²⁴Na reaction was used as a reference reaction for the normalization of the neutron flux.The pre-calib-rated lead-shielded HPGe detector was used to detect the residues'γ-ray spetra.The data from the measured cross sections are compared to the previously measured cross sections from the EXFOR database,theoretically calculated cross sections using the TALYS and EMPIRE codes,and evaluated nuclear data.     

Overcoming the limitations of lithiation chemistry for organoboron compounds with continuous processing

Quite a process: Recent pioneering reports establishing proof of concept for conducting lithiation chemistry to produce organoboron products in a continuous fashion are highlighted.     

Micromechanical cohesion force measurements to determine cyclopentane hydrate interfacial properties

Hydrate aggregation and deposition are critical factors in determining where and when hydrates may plug a deepwater flowline. We present the first direct measurement of structure II (cyclopentane) hydrate cohesive forces in the water, liquid hydrocarbon and gas bulk phases. For fully annealed hydrate particles, gas phase cohesive forces were approximately twice that obtained in a liquid hydrocarbon phase, and approximately six times that obtained in the water phase. Direct measurements show that hydrate cohesion force in a water-continuous bulk may be only the product of solid-solid cohesion. When excess water was present on the hydrate surface, gas phase cohesive forces increased by a factor of three, suggesting the importance of the liquid or quasi-liquid layer (QLL) in determining cohesive force. Hydrate-steel adhesion force measurements show that, when the steel surface is coated with hydrophobic wax, forces decrease up to 96%. As the micromechanical force technique is uniquely capable of measuring hydrate-surface forces with variable contact time, the present work contains significant implications for hydrate applications in flow assurance.     

Unlocking the Real Potential of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Protein Derivatives in Pet Diets

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL)-derived proteins are gaining popularity as sustainable pet food ingredients. According to the literature, these ingredients have strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Due to the ability of BSFL protein derivatives to donate hydrogen atoms and/or electrons to counterpoise unstable molecules, they could possibly help in the prevention of osteoarthritis. During this study, the antiarthritic potential of BSFL protein derivatives was evaluated using the following assays: (1) proteinase inhibition, (2) erythrocyte membrane stability, (3) reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by activated macrophages, (4) ROS production by monocytes, and (5) cellular toxicity. Additionally, the glucosamine content of these ingredients was also evaluated. Chicken meal is commonly used in pet food formulations and was used as an industrial benchmark. The results obtained during this study demonstrated the strong antiarthritic potential of BSFL protein derivatives. We found that BSFL protein derivatives are not only useful in preventing the development of arthritis but could also help to cure it due to the presence of glucosamine. We also found that chicken meal could contribute to the development of arthritis by increasing ROS production by monocytes.