Subtle differences in metal–ligand bond lengths between a series of [M4L6]4? tetrahedral cages, where M=FeII, CoII, or NiII, were observed to result in substantial differences in affinity for hydrophobic guests in water. Changing the metal ion from iron(II) to cobalt(II) or nickel(II) increases the size of the interior cavity of the cage and allows encapsulation of larger guest molecules. NMR spectroscopy was used to study the recognition properties of the iron(II) and cobalt(II) cages towards small hydrophobic guests in water, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction was used to study the solid‐state complexes of the iron(II) and nickel(II) cages. 相似文献
Graphene and graphene oxides are materials of significant interest in electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and sensors. Graphene oxides and reduced graphenes are typically prepared by oxidizing graphite in strong mineral acid mixtures with chlorate (Staudenmaier, Hofmann) or permanganate (Hummers, Tour) oxidants. Herein, we reveal that graphene oxides pose inherent electrochemistry, that is, they can be oxidized or reduced at relatively mild potentials (within the range ±1 V) that are lower than typical battery potentials. This inherent electrochemistry of graphene differs dramatically from that of the used oxidants. Graphene oxides prepared using chlorate exhibit chemically irreversible reductions, whereas graphene oxides prepared through permanganate‐based methods exhibit very unusual inherent chemically reversible electrochemistry of oxygen‐containing groups. Insight into the electrochemical behaviour was obtained through cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Our findings are of extreme importance for the electrochemistry community as they reveal that electrode materials undergo cyclic changes in charge/discharge cycles, which has strong implications for energy‐storage and sensing devices. 相似文献
We report the synthesis of N-acetoxy-N-(1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,5-b]indol-3-yl)acetamide, 7, its N-pivaloyloxy analogue, 9, and improved synthesis of indole-2-acetonitrile, 3 (70% in five steps from indole-2-carboxylic acid), the carcinogenic amine Trp-P-2, 4 (40% from 3), and the nitro compound, 5 (40% from 4 by oxidation with H2O2 using Mo(CO)6 catalyst). In aqueous solution at neutral pH, 7 primarily undergoes C-O bond cleavage to yield the hydroxamic acid, 8, but under the same conditions the sterically hindered 9 decomposes predominately by N-O bond cleavage with a pH independent rate constant that is 7.5-fold smaller than that for 7. In the pH range 0.5-7.0 three different processes for the decomposition of 9 were detected by kinetics. Only the process that dominates at neutral pH generates a nitrenium species that can be trapped by N3−. 相似文献
Two named reactions of fundamental importance and paramount utility in organic synthesis have been reinvestigated, the Barton decarboxylation and Giese radical conjugate addition. N ‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) based redox‐active esters were found to be convenient starting materials for simple, thermal, Ni‐catalyzed radical formation and subsequent trapping with either a hydrogen atom source (PhSiH3) or an electron‐deficient olefin. These reactions feature operational simplicity, inexpensive reagents, and enhanced scope as evidenced by examples in the realm of peptide chemistry. 相似文献
The polysaccharide (PSH) extracts from the edible mushroom species Coprinus comatus and Coprinellus truncorum were screened in liquid for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChE) activity. Both extracts were found to display inhibition of the aforementioned enzyme reaching similar IC50 values of 0.62 ± 0.07 and 0.61 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. According to the means of FTIR spectroscopy, these PSH extracts mostly contained β-glucans. However, the presence of some proteins and polyphenolics as minor ingredients were also detected. Compared with existing literature data for anti-AChE activity of the sugar samples, the findings within this study may be treated as a profound bioactivity. Consequently, this study puts some light on the possible use of the screened macrofungi in the palliative treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. 相似文献
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of surfactant addition on the stability and viscosity of concentrated alumina dispersions. The stabilizing effects of several candidate surfactants were investigated for concentrated dispersions of two different pseudoboehmite aluminas at pH 4 and 7. The stabilities of concentrated alumina dispersions treated by pH adjustment alone and by pH adjustment combined with surfactant addition were compared to assess the degree to which the surfactant enhanced stability. The initial rate of mass removal from a sedimenting alumina dispersion was used as a measure of stability.
The anionic surfactants Surfine WNT-A and DOWFAX 3B2 were identified as effective in enhancing the stability of concentrated alumina dispersions. The optimal doses of these surfactants for stabilizing 15% by weight VERSAL™ 250 alumina dispersions at pH 4 were determined to be about 4.6 × 10−5 mol g−1 for both surfactants. On the basis of the initial rate of mass removal, surfactant-stabilized 15 wt.% suspensions were found to be approximately 2.5 and 10.6 times more stable than similar dispersions stabilized electrostatically by pH adjustment alone. These more stable dispersions exhibited lower viscosities than observed for the alumina dispersions not subjected to surfactant addition. The results indicate that the stability of concentrated alumina dispersions can be enhanced by anionic surfactant addition, and that such surfactants may therefore help to control the rheology of concentrated dispersions of alumina in water. 相似文献
The reaction of tertiary α-chloroketones with ethanolamine has not been hitherto described in the literature. Herein, we describe the reaction of tertiary 3-chloroquinoline-2,4-diones with ethanolamine to give novel 3-(2-hydroxyethylamino)quinoline-2,4-diones. These compounds provide 3-(2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and new compounds with dimeric character after reaction with triphosgene. Molecular rearrangement proceeds during the reaction of 3-(2-hydroxyethylamino)quinoline-2,4-diones with isocyanic acid. Three types of reaction products arise: 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazo[1,5-c]quinazoline-3,5-diones, 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3a-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-]quinoline-4(5H)diones and primarily 5-hydroxy-1-(hydroxyethyl)-1′H-spiro[imidazolidine-5,3′-indole]-2,2′-diones. The reaction mechanism and product stereochemistry are discussed. The 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra of the prepared compounds were measured, and all resonances were assigned from appropriate two-dimensional experiments. 相似文献