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31.
The effects of Mg, La and Ca promoters on primary and secondary CO_2 and H_2O formation pathways during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on precipitated Fe/Cu/SiO_2 catalysts are investigated. The chemisorbed oxygen atoms in the primary pathway formed in the CO dissociation steps reacted with co-adsorbed hydrogen or carbon monoxide to produce H_2O and CO_2 , respectively. The secondary pathway was the water-gas shift reaction. The results indicated that the CO_2 production led to an increase in both primary and secondary pathways, and H_2 O production
decreased when surface basicity of the catalyst increased in the order Ca >Mg >La. 相似文献
32.
A reliable and simple method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of fluoxetine, its metabolite norfluoxetine, citalopram, and haloperidol with lamotrigine as internal standard. The method is based on solid-phase extraction on mixed-mode cation-exchange cartridges followed by LC separation on a C18 column at ambient temperature with a gradient prepared from acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate in 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid. The flow rate was 0.5 mL min?1. Eluted compounds were ionized by the electrospray ionization ion source of an ion-trap mass spectrometer and were detected by selected ion monitoring. Co-extracted endogenous compounds from plasma were eluted in the first 5 min and discarded by valve-switching. The target drugs were eluted in the period 5.5–11 min. Calibration plots were linear in the ranges 5 (or 10)–400 ng mL?1 with correlation coefficients >0.999. Other statistical and validation results were within accepted ranges for clinical analysis. 相似文献
33.
Majid M. Heravi Mina Saeedi Yahya S. Beheshtiha Hossein A. Oskooie 《Molecular diversity》2011,15(1):239-243
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of different benzochromeno-pyrazole derivatives has been reported via reaction of aldehydes, 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one and α-naphthol/β-naphthol in the presence of sulfamic acid. 相似文献34.
Performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) filled with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was studied as a function of NT height (h). The NT height was varied in the range of 1.5–7.0 μm, while the NT diameter was kept constant at ~80 nm. The studies showed
that DSSC efficiency, current density, and fill factor linearly increased with h and ranged in 1.76–6.5%, 3.62–13.2 mA/cm2, and 0.66–0.76, respectively, within the h range studied. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also performed to study DSSC electron transport properties.
Based on both photovoltaic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, the results were explained as being due to the
increased dye loading that led to higher light-harvesting efficiency. 相似文献
35.
A. Ali Yusuf A.K. Yahya Nawazish A. Khan F. Md. Salleh E. Marsom N. Huda 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2011,471(11-12):363-372
Substitution of Ge4+ in place of Cu in Tl0.85Cr0.15Sr2CaCu2?xGexO7?δ (x = 0–0.6) showed initial increase in zero critical temperature value, Tc zero from 98 K (x = 0) to 100 K (x = 0.1) and in the range of 85–86 K for x = 0.2–0.3. The slow decrease in Tc zero is unexpected as tetravalent Ge4+ substitution is expected to strongly reduce hole concentration in the samples and suppress Tc zero. Excess conductivity analyses of resistance versus temperature data based on Asmalazov–Larkin (AL) theory revealed that the substitution induced 2D-to-3D transition of fluctuation induced conductivity with the highest transition temperature, T2D–3D observed at x = 0.1. FTIR spectroscopy analysis indicates Ge4+ substitution cause reduction in CuO2/GeO2 interplanar distance while our calculation based on Lawrence–Doniach model revealed highest superconducting coherence length, ξc(0) and interplanar coupling, J at x = 0.3. On the other hand, substitution of divalent Mg2+ for Ca2+ in (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr1.8Yb0.2)(Ca1?yMgy)Cu2O7 (y = 0–1.0), which is not expected to directly vary hole concentration, surprisingly caused Tc zero to increase from 89.6 K (y = 0) to an optimum value of 95.9 K (y = 0.6) before decreasing with further increase in y. Excess conductivity analyses showed 2D-to-3D transition of fluctuation induced conductivity for all samples where the highest T2D–3D was at y = 0.4. Similar calculation revealed highest values of ξc(0) and J also at y = 0.4. FTIR analysis of the samples indicates inequivalent Cu(1)O(2)Pb/Tl lengths and possible tilting of CuO2 plane as a result of Mg2+ substitution. The increased ξc(0) and J as a result of the Ge4+ and Mg2+ substitutions are suggested to contributed to sustenance of superconductivity above 80 K in the samples. 相似文献
36.
An extracting medium based on chitosan–polypyrrole (CS–PPy) magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical polymerization of pyrrole at the presence of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (CS-MNPs) for micro-solid phase extraction. In this work, magnetic nanoparticles, the modified CS-MNPs and different types of CS–PPy magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized. Extraction efficiency of the CS–PPy magnetic nanocomposite was compared with the CS-MNPs and Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the determination of naproxen in aqueous samples, via quantification by spectrofluorimetry. The scanning electron microscopy images obtained from all the prepared nanocomposites revealed that the CS–PPy magnetic nanocomposite possess more porous structure. Among different synthesized magnetic nanocomposites, CS–PPy magnetic nanocomposite showed a prominent efficiency. Influencing parameters on the morphology of CS–PPy magnetic nanocomposite such as weight ratio of components was also assayed. In addition, effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of naproxen including desorption solvent, desorption time, amount of sorbent, ionic strength, sample pH and extraction time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum condition, a linear calibration curve in the range of 0.04–10 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.9996) was obtained. The limits of detection (3Sb) and limits of quantification (10Sb) of the method were 0.015 and 0.04 μg mL−1 (n = 3), respectively. The relative standard deviation for water sample spiked with 0.1 μg mL−1 of naproxen was 3% (n = 5) and the absolute recovery was 92%. The applicability of method was extended to the determination of naproxen in tap water, human urine and plasma samples. The relative recovery percentages for these samples were in the range of 56–99%. 相似文献
37.
Choonara YE Pillay V Ndesendo VM du Toit LC Kumar P Khan RA Murphy CS Jarvis DL 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2011,87(2):243-254
This study focused on evaluating four emulsion-based processing strategies for polymeric nanoparticle synthesis to explicate the mechanisms of nanoparticle formation and the influence on achieving sustained-release of two anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated with and without sorbitan mono-oleate as a stabilizer using emulsion-solvent-surfactant-evaporation (ESSE) and emulsion-solvent-evaporation (ESE) approaches. An alginate solution gelled by ionic crosslinking with calcium chloride was employed to prepare alginate hydrogel nanoparticles via reverse-emulsion-cationic-gelification (RECG) and reverse-emulsion-surfactant-cationic-gelification (RESCG) approaches. In vitro drug release analysis was performed. The size, zeta potential and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed. Molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) were employed to explore the spatial disposition of alginate and PLGA with respect to the emulsifying profile of sorbitan monooleate and to corroborate the experimental findings. Results revealed that particle size of the PLGA nanoparticles was influenced by the stabilizer concentration. Nanoparticles synthesized by the ESSE approach had smaller sizes of 240±8.7 nm and 195.5±5.4 nm for rifampicin- and isoniazid-loaded nanoparticles, respectively. This was a substantial size reduction from nanoparticles generated by the ESE approach (>1000 nm). The RESCG approach produced stable and higher nanoparticle yields with desirable size (277±1.0 nm; 289±1.2 nm), a low polydispersity index (27.1±0.3 mV; 28.5±0.5 mV) and drug entrapment efficiency of 73% and 75% for isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively. Drug release from the ESSE and RESCG synthesized nanoparticles displayed desirable release of the two anti-TB drugs with sustained zero-order kinetics over a period of 8h. MMER supported the mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with a sphericalized interlaced network configuration. 相似文献
38.
This paper focus on the effect of nanosize (<50 nm BET) inorganic alumina (Al2O3) filler on the structural, conductivity, and thermal properties of chitosan‐based polymer electrolytes. Films of chitosan and its complexes were prepared using solution‐casting technique. Different amounts of Al2O3 viz., 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, 12, and 15 wt% were added to the highest room temperature conducting sample in the chitosan–salt system, i.e. sample containing 60 wt% chitosan–40 wt% NH4SCN. The conductivity value of the sample is 1.29 × 10?4 S cm?1. On addition of 6 wt% Al2O3 filler the ionic conductivity increased to 5.86 × 10?4 S cm?1. The amide and amino peaks in the spectrum of chitosan at 1636 and 1551 cm?1, respectively, shift to lower wavenumbers on addition of salt. The glass transition temperature Tg for the highest conducting composite is 190°C. The increase in Tg with increase in more than 6 wt% filler content is attributed to the increase in degree of crystallinity as proven from X‐ray diffraction studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
Hanane El Hajaji Nadya Lachkar Katim Alaoui Yahya Cherrah Abdellah Farah Abdesslam Ennabili Brahim El Bali Mohammed Lachkar 《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2011,4(3):321-324
We evaluated the in vitro antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of the crude ethyl acetate and methanol extract of the three genders of carob tree barks (spontaneous male, spontaneous female, and grafted female). The scavenging activity on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) was determined, as well as the phenolic contents (Folin–Ciocalteu method) of both the extracts. The highest antioxidant activity and the higher amounts of total phenols were shown in methanol crude bark extract for the three genders. Variety significantly affected the phenol content and the antioxidant activity, with the spontaneous male variety globally showed a higher polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity than the grafted female and spontaneous female. 相似文献
40.
Hanif MA Al-Maskri AY Al-Mahruqi ZM Al-sabahi JN Al-Azkawi A Al-Maskari MY 《Natural product communications》2011,6(10):1451-1454
Three wild Omani plants, Moringa peregrina, Acacia nilotica and Rhazya stricta, were selected for the present study. Na, K and Ca contents were determined using flame photometric analysis. M. peregrina seeds (22.5 mg/g) and pods (27.7 mg/g) had higher Na contents than A. nilotica (0.33 mg/g) and R. stricta (0.30 mg/g), whereas the K and Ca contents of R. stricta were significantly higher than those of the other two plants. The protein content was lowest in R. stricta (9.8%) and highest in M peregrina seeds (21.0%). The highest total phenolic contents (TPC) were found in M. peregrina seeds (350.3 mg/g) and the lowest in A. nilotica (66.1 mg/g). The major component of M. peregrina seed oil was oleic acid (74.7%). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS) revealed that octadecanal (30.9%) was the major compound in A. nilotica. The presence of various phenolics and flavonoids in M. peregrina, A. nilotica and R. stricta were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 相似文献