Designing a capsule catalyst and its application for direct synthesis of middle isoparaffins

A catalyst in the form of a capsule catalyst was prepared by coating HZSM5 membrane on a preshaped Co/SiO2 catalyst pellet. The capsule catalyst with HZSM5 membrane exhibited excellent selectivity for light hydrocarbon synthesis, especially for isoparaffin synthesis from syngas (CO + H2). Long-chain hydrocarbon formation was totally suppressed by the zeolite membrane. The modification of membrane and core catalyst significantly improved the catalytic properties of these new kinds of capsule catalysts.     

CO2对浆态床一步法合成二甲醚铜基催化剂稳定性的影响

研究了260℃,5.0MPa和原料气空速4000h-1条件下,不同浓度的CO2对甲醇合成Cu基催化剂稳定性的影响.结果表明,原料气中较高浓度的CO2可导致Cu基甲醇合成催化剂快速失活.原料气中CO2浓度的增大可促进逆水煤气变换反应,导致反应体系中H2O的量增加,不能被及时导出反应体系的H2O使Cu基催化剂的晶体结构和表面特性发生了变化.采用程序升温还原、N2吸附、元素分析、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱分别对较低浓度和较高浓度CO2反应条件下的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,原料气中较高浓度的CO2可导致催化剂颗粒变大,孔径减小,比表面积降低,催化剂中元素Zn和Al有明显的流失,Cu与ZnO之间的协同作用有所减弱,这些都是导致催化剂失活的重要原因.原料气中较高浓度的CO2在一定程度上抑制了催化剂上积炭的生成.     

Three-component cascade energy transfer with use of oligonaphthalene skeletons

Three oligonaphthalenes with zinc porphyrin and free-base porphyrin moieties were synthesized, in which cascade energy transfer (from naphthalene to free-base porphyrin via zinc porphyrin) was observed when the zinc and free-base porphyrins were close to each other.     

Carbon-Based Electron Buffer Layer on ZnOx−Fe5C2−Fe3O4 Boosts Ethanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation

The conversion of CO₂ into ethanol with renewable H₂ has attracted tremendous attention due to its integrated functions of carbon elimination and chemical synthesis, but remains challenging. The electronic properties of a catalyst are essential to determine the adsorption strength and configuration of the key intermediates, therefore altering the reaction network for targeted synthesis. Herein, we describe a catalytic system in which a carbon buffer layer is employed to tailor the electronic properties of the ternary ZnO_x−Fe₅C₂−Fe₃O₄, in which the electron-transfer pathway (ZnO_x→Fe species or carbon layer) ensures the appropriate adsorption strength of −CO* on the catalytic interface, facilitating C−C coupling between −CH_x* and −CO* for ethanol synthesis. Benefiting from this unique electron-transfer buffering effect, an extremely high ethanol yield of 366.6 g_EtOH kg_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ (with CO of 10 vol % co-feeding) is achieved from CO₂ hydrogenation. This work provides a powerful electronic modulation strategy for catalyst design in terms of highly oriented synthesis.     

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis temperature on the redox and oxygen mobility properties of manganese oxides in the catalytic oxidation of toluene

A series of MnO_x samples synthesized by hydrothermal methods at different temperatures were investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of toluene. The optimum oxidation performance was achieved with the catalyst prepared at 120 °C (Mn-120), for which complete conversion of toluene was attained at 250 °C. The Mn-120 sample possessed the highest concentration of Mn³⁺ and the highest initial H₂ consumption rate, which are indicative of abundant crystal defects and superior reducibility. In addition, Mn-120 exhibited excellent oxidation ability due to the abundance of lattice oxygen species and excellent oxygen mobility. Therefore, the superior catalytic performance of Mn-120 could be attributed mainly to its redox performance and abundant crystal defects, both of which are determined by the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis of MnO_x.

     

浆态相甲醇合成催化剂的失活机理

 浆态床甲醇合成过程具有重要的工业应用价值,影响该过程工业化的根本原因是催化剂易失活. 以合成气为原料,医用液体石蜡为溶剂,在5 MPa, 260 ℃和 1100 ml/(g·h)的反应条件下于浆态床反应器中考察了铜基甲醇合成工业催化剂C301的稳定性,并采用程序升温还原、 X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、 扫描电镜能谱、元素分析和N2物理吸附等表征方法对不同失活程度的催化剂的物相组成和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明,在本实验条件下,失活催化剂无中毒现象,但随着反应时间的延长,催化剂晶粒长大,比表面积减小,积炭和热烧结现象较明显,但不伴随活性组分铜的流失.     

Extensive effect of π-conjugation in rotatable oligonaphthyl derivatives on circularly polarised luminescence in solution and solid films

Extending the π-conjugation of chiral rotatable oligonaphthyl derivatives results in longer circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) wavelengths and increased unpolarised-photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields. The CPL was observed to shift to a significantly longer wavelength and the PL quantum yield was greatly improved when the number of naphthyl units was extended from two (dimer) to four (tetramer). On the other hand, the wavelength and quantum yield increased less in moving from the tetramer to the octamer in solution and solid films.     

Imidazolium-based chiral ionic liquids: synthesis and application

Synthesis of chiral ionic liquids containing an imidazole nucleus and chiral centers on N-substituents is reported. [(2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxybutane-1,4-bis(3-butylimidazolium)]-[bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide]₂ and [(4S,5S)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-bis(1-methylimidazolium)]-[bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide]₂ induced enantioselectivity in the Michael addition of malonic esters to chalcones.     

A Bioinspired Synthesis of (±)‐Rubrobramide, (±)‐Flavipucine,and (±)‐Isoflavipucine

A biomimetic synthesis of naturally occurring lactams rubrobramide, flavipucine, and isoflavipucine is described. The key step is a regioselective Darzens reaction between isobutyl glyoxal and an α‐bromo‐β‐ketoamide. The construction of the core tricyclic ring system of rubrobramide was achieved by a cascade reaction in a single step from an α,β‐epoxy‐γ‐lactam. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of naturally occurring (+)‐rubrobramide was determined by vibrational circular dichroism. (±)‐Flavipucine and (±)‐isoflavipucine were synthesized from an epoxyimide, which was prepared by reaction of isobutyl glyoxal with a protected α‐bromo‐β‐ketoamide. Deprotection of the epoxyimide and formation of the pyridone ring gave (±)‐flavipucine, which was converted into (±)‐isoflavipucine by thermal isomerization.     

MoO3-SnO2催化剂上二甲醚低温氧化高选择性制备甲酸甲酯

定向设计并制备了多功能MoO₃-SnO₂催化剂,在常压连续流动固定床反应器上实现了二甲醚低温氧化高选择性制备甲酸甲酯的过程。考察了机械混合法、共沉淀法及沉淀浸渍法等不同制备方法对催化剂性能的影响。在沉淀浸渍法制备的MoO₃-SnO₂催化剂上,常压、160℃反应条件下,甲酸甲酯选择性达94.1%,DME转化率也达到了33.9%,并且产物中无CO_x生成。采用NH₃-TPD、CO₂-TPD及H₂-TPR对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,表面酸性、碱性及氧化性的不同是造成催化剂反应性能差异的原因。另外,通过采用XRD、Raman及TEM对催化剂结构进行表征发现,晶粒粒径及金属氧化物MoO₃的存在状态等结构的差异是造成催化剂活性不同的主要原因。较小晶粒的催化剂和表面存在的低聚态MoO₃是致使催化剂活性提高的主要原因。