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81.
Infrared femtosecond laser pulse induced permanent reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in a fluorozirconate glass 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We report what is believed to be the first observation of permanent photoreduction of Eu(3+) to Eu(2+) in transparent and colorless Eu(3+) -doped fluorozirconate glass at room temperature, using an infrared femtosecond laser. Difference absorption and electron-spin-resonance spectra of the glass before and after laser irradiation showed that a portion of the Eu(3+) ions in the focused part of the laser inside the glass were reduced to Eu(2+) ions after laser irradiation. It is suggested that Eu(3+) ions act as electron-trapping centers, whereas active sites in the glass matrix act as hole-trapping centers, leading to the formation of Eu(2+) ions. The observed phenomenon is inferred to be useful in the fabrication of optical memory devices with high storage density and waveguide-type micro-optical devices. 相似文献
82.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
83.
Yutaka Kojima 《Physica A》1979,95(1):162-168
A re-evaluation is given of the temperature dependent term in the first order exchange contribution to the grand partition function for an electron gas. The existence and origin of the logarithmic term in the temperature-dependent part are shown in a very simple manner. 相似文献
84.
85.
Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves in the presence of light minority-species ions are experimentally investigated. The observations reveal that already a small fraction (~1%) of the minority concentratios leads to a new cutoff and resonance near the minority-cyclotron-resonance frequency. 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
Makoto Kimura Kasumi Kashikura Satomi Yokoi Yumiko Koiwa Yoshikazu Tokuoka Norimichi Kawashima 《Optical Review》2005,12(3):207-210
We determined photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy using a flash wave (FW) and a continuous wave (CW) light, of which the fluence rate was 70 W/cm2, for murine thymic lymphoma cells (EL-4) cultivated in vitro. The irradiation frequency and the pulse width of the FW light were in the range of 1–32 Hz and less than one millisecond, respectively. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (ALA-PpIX) was used as a photosensitizer. When EL-4 with ALA administration was irradiated by the light for 4 h (irradiation fluence: 1.0J/cm2), the survival rate of EL-4 by the FW light was lower than that by the CW light, except for the FW light with irradiation frequency of 32 Hz, and decreased gradually with decreasing irradiation frequency. Moreover, the FW light, especially at lower irradiation frequency, was superior to the CW light for the generation of singlet oxygen in an aqueous PpIX solution. Therefore, thehigher PDT efficacy for EL-4 of the FW light would be caused by the greater generation of singlet oxygen in the cells. 相似文献
89.
Cho T Yoshida M Kohagura J Hirata M Numakura T Higaki H Hojo H Ichimura M Ishii K Islam KM Itakura A Katanuma I Nakashima Y Saito T Tatematsu Y Yoshikawa M Kojima Y Tokioka S Yokoyama N Tomii Y Imai T Pastukhov VP Miyoshi S;GAMMA Group 《Physical review letters》2005,94(8):085002
Vortexlike turbulent structures in hot-ion mode plasmas with several keV are observed in the case with a radially produced weak shear of electric fields E(r). However, a strong E(r) shear formation due to a high ion-confining potential phi(c) production clears up these vortices together with plasma-confinement improvement and disappearance of both drift-wave and turbulencelike Fourier spectral signals. These findings are based on three-time progress in phi(c) in comparison to phi(c) attained 1992-2002. The significant advance of phi(c) is well extended in line with proposed potential-formation physics scalings. 相似文献
90.
Savici AT Fukaya A Gat-Malureanu IM Ito T Russo PL Uemura YJ Wiebe CR Kyriakou PP MacDougall GJ Rovers MT Luke GM Kojima KM Goto M Uchida S Kadono R Yamada K Tajima S Masui T Eisaki H Kaneko N Greven M Gu GD 《Physical review letters》2005,95(15):157001
Muon spin relaxation measurements in high transverse magnetic fields [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] revealed strong field-induced quasistatic magnetism in the underdoped and Eu-doped (La,Sr)2CuO4 and La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, existing well above Tc and TN. The susceptibility counterpart of Cu spin polarization, derived from the muon spin relaxation rate, exhibits a divergent behavior towards T approximately 25 K. No field-induced magnetism was detected in overdoped La1.81Sr0.19CuO4, optimally doped Bi2212, and Zn-doped YBa2Cu3O7. 相似文献