全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2282篇 |
免费 | 88篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1663篇 |
晶体学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 35篇 |
数学 | 442篇 |
物理学 | 232篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 44篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 65篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 50篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 108篇 |
2011年 | 106篇 |
2010年 | 54篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 130篇 |
2007年 | 104篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 94篇 |
2004年 | 87篇 |
2003年 | 92篇 |
2002年 | 91篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 59篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 48篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 46篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 35篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有2382条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
911.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Three Tetrasodium Tetrametaphosphimate Hydrates Single crystals of three tetrasodium tetrametaphosphimate hydrates Na4(PO2NH)4 · x H2O with x = 2 and 3, respectively, have been obtained and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Dimorphous Na4(PO2NH)4 · 3 H2O is formed at RT. It crystallizes monoclinic ( 1 ) or triclinic ( 2 ) (α-Na4(PO2NH)4 · 3 H2O ( 1 ): P21, a = 1002.7(2), b = 1189.7(2), c=1193.1(2)pm, β=104.93(1)°, Z=4; β-Na4(PO2NH)4 · 3 H2O ( 2 ): P 1¯, a = 843.64(9), b = 848.54(10), c = 994.7(2) pm, α = 83.07(1), β = 76.31(1), γ = 87.46(1)°, Z = 2). Compound 2 is formed in the presence of NaCl during the crystallization from aqueous solution. Tetrasodium tetrametaphosphimate dihydrate ( 3 ) is formed at 60 °C (Na4(PO2NH)4 · 2 H2O ( 3 ): C2/c, a = 2225.6(3), b = 513.0(1), c = 1566.7(2) pm, β = 134.21(1)°, Z = 4). In 1 and 2 the P4N4 ring of the tetrametaphosphimate ions attains a saddle and in 3 a twistboat conformation. The conformations of the anions have been analysed using torsion angles, displacement asymmetry parameters, and puckering parameters. The (PO2NH)44– rings of the compounds 1 , 2 , and 3 are linked by N–H · · &mid 相似文献
912.
Enrico Marchetti Roland Brast Bernard Delabre Rob Donaldson Enrico Fedrigo Christoph Frank Norbert Hubin Johann Kolb Miska Le Louarn Jean-Louis Lizon Sylvain Oberti Fernando Quirs-Pacheco Roland Reiss Joana Santos Sebastien Tordo Elise Vernet Roberto Ragazzoni Carmelo Arcidiacono Paolo Bagnara Andrea Baruffolo Emiliano Diolaiti Jacopo Farinato Matteo Lombini 《Comptes Rendus Physique》2005,6(10):1118-1128
The European Southern Observatory (ESO) together with external research institutes have built a Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) Demonstrator (MAD) to perform wide field-of-view adaptive optics correction (2′ in K band). The aim of MAD is to demonstrate the on-sky feasibility of the MCAO technique and to evaluate its critical aspects in the framework of both the 2nd generation instrumentation for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL). The MAD module will be installed on the VLT to perform on-sky observations. MAD comprises two deformable mirrors and two different multi-reference wavefront sensors with natural guide stars. In this article we present the MAD design, some aspects of the MAD calibration and the first closed-loop results in the laboratory in Single Conjugated Adaptive Optics (SCAO) and Ground Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO) configurations. To cite this article: E. Marchetti et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005). 相似文献
913.
Immobilization strategy based on Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry) of 10,11-didehydrocinchona tert-butylcarbamates to azido-grafted silica gels has been evaluated for preparation of novel chiral stationary phases (CSP 1-3). The resultant 1,2,3-triazole-linked CSPs were tested under various mobile phase conditions (polar organic and reversed phase mode) with a representative set of structurally diverse racemic acids including N-protected aminoacids, aromatic and aryloxycarboxylic acids as well as binaphthol phosphate. The chiral recognition performance of the C3-triazole-linked CSPs was found to mirror largely that of the known C3-thioether-linked CSP in terms of elution order, enantioselectivity and retention behavior. In an effort to assess the non-specific binding expressed as retention increment of these triazole-linked CSPs, the parent azidopropyl- and triazole-modified silica materials (thus not containing the chiral head ligand) were studied independently. Compared with the corresponding CSPs, the analyte retention on the azidopropyl control column was very low, and practically negligible on the corresponding triazole-modified reference column. Only minor losses in analyte retention behavior (<5%) were observed with triazole-linked CSPs after two month of continuous use with polar-organic and reversed-phase-type mobile phases, highlighting the excellent stability of the 1,2,3-triazole linker. 相似文献
914.
Chiral recognition applications of molecularly imprinted polymers: a critical review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Molecular imprinting technology offers the unique opportunity to tailor chiral stationary phases with predefined chiral recognition
properties by employing the enantiomers of interest as binding-site-forming templates. Added advantages, such as ease of preparation,
chemical robustness, low-cost production, and the possibility of shaping molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in various
self-supporting formats, render them attractive materials for a broad range of chiral recognition applications. In this review
a critical overview on recent developments in the field of MIP-based chiral recognition applications is given, focusing on
separation techniques and molecular sensing. Inherent limitations associated with the use of enantioselective MIP materials
in high-performance separation techniques are outlined, including binding site heterogeneity and slow mass transfer characteristics.
The prospects of MIP materials as versatile recognition elements for the design of enantioselective sensor systems are highlighted. 相似文献
915.
Paul M. Forster Andrea R. Burbank Melanie C. O'Sullivan Nathalie Guillou Carine Livage Grard Frey Norbert Stock Anthony K. Cheetham 《Solid State Sciences》2005,7(12):1549
A new form of cobalt succinate has been discovered using high-throughput methods and its structure was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Co7(C4H4O4)4(OH)6(H2O)37H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters: a=7.888(2) Å, b=19.082(6) Å, c=23.630(7) Å, β=91.700(5)°, V=3555(2) Å3, R1=0.0469. This complex structure, containing 55 crystallographically distinct non-hydrogen atoms, is compared to the previously reported nickel phase, characterized using ab initio structure solution from synchrotron powder diffraction data. 相似文献
916.
Norbert Moszner Frank Zeuner Urs Karl Fischer Volker Rheinberger Armin de Meijere Viktor Bagutski 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2003,24(3):269-273
Methyl 2‐(bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐1‐yl)acrylate ( 1 ) was synthesized from methyl 2‐(cyclopentene‐1‐yl)‐2‐hydroxyacetate by cyclopropanation, followed by oxidation to the corresponding bicyclic 2‐oxoacetate and Wittig olefination with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Initiated with 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile at 65 °C in chlorobenzene, the radical homopolymerization of 1 occurred with opening of the cyclopropane ring leading to a polymer with a glass transition temperature of 90 °C. The reactivity of 1 in radical copolymerization was higher than that of methyl methacrylate.
917.
Dr. Adina Borbély Dr. Fabien Thoreau Dr. Eduard Figueras Malika Kadri Dr. Jean-Luc Coll Dr. Didier Boturyn Prof. Dr. Norbert Sewald 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(12):2602-2605
The effective delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells is a key challenge in anticancer therapy. Multivalent integrinspecific ligands are considered a promising tool to increase the binding affinity, selectivity, and internalization efficiency of small-molecule drug conjugates. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a multimeric conjugate containing the high-affinity integrin αvβ3 binding ligand RAFT-c(RGDfK)4, a lysosomally cleavable Val-Cit linker, and cryptophycin-55 glycinate, a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. In vitro cytotoxicity assays verified that the multimeric RGD-cryptophycin conjugate displays improved potency compared to the monomeric analogue in integrin αvβ3 overexpressing tumor cell lines, while significantly reduced activity was observed in the integrin-negative cell line. 相似文献
918.
Shinn-Cunningham BG Kopco N Martin TJ 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(5):3100-3115
Binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) were measured in a classroom for sources at different azimuths and distances (up to 1 m) relative to a manikin located in four positions in a classroom. When the listener is far from all walls, reverberant energy distorts signal magnitude and phase independently at each frequency, altering monaural spectral cues, interaural phase differences, and interaural level differences. For the tested conditions, systematic distortion (comb-filtering) from an early intense reflection is only evident when a listener is very close to a wall, and then only in the ear facing the wall. Especially for a nearby source, interaural cues grow less reliable with increasing source laterality and monaural spectral cues are less reliable in the ear farther from the sound source. Reverberation reduces the magnitude of interaural level differences at all frequencies; however, the direct-sound interaural time difference can still be recovered from the BRIRs measured in these experiments. Results suggest that bias and variability in sound localization behavior may vary systematically with listener location in a room as well as source location relative to the listener, even for nearby sources where there is relatively little reverberant energy. 相似文献
919.
Blends of PBT with PET or PC were studied by X-ray diffraction and DSC for different conditions of crystallization. PBT and PET crystallize very similarly, though they are recognized as partially compatible in the melt. In the PBT/PC blends X-ray diffraction examinations show crystallization of PC after 4 h of annealing. In the melt, both components are compatible. Tg-calculations indicate a plasticizing effect. In both kinds of blends, PBT crystallizes faster than PC or PET. Fast crystallization processes were examined by X-ray diffraction measurements with synchrotron radiation. 相似文献
920.