New inexact implicit method for general mixed quasi variational inequalities

In this paper, we suggest and analyze a new self-adaptive inexact implicit method with a variable parameter for general mixed quasi variational inequalities, where the skew-symmetry of the nonlinear bifunction plays a crucial part in the convergence analysis of this method. We use a self-adaptive technique to adjust parameter ρ at each iteration. The global convergence of the proposed method is proved under some mild conditions. Preliminary numerical results indicate that the self-adaptive adjustment rule is necessary in practice. Muhammad Aslam Noor is supported by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, through research grant No: 1-28/HEC/HRD/2005/90.     

An extragradient algorithm for solving general nonconvex variational inequalities

In this work, we suggest and analyze an extragradient method for solving general nonconvex variational inequalities using the technique of the projection operator. We prove that the convergence of the extragradient method requires only pseudomonotonicity, which is a weaker condition than requiring monotonicity. In this sense, our result can be viewed as an improvement and refinement of the previously known results. Our method of proof is very simple as compared with other techniques.     

On modified hybrid steepest-descent methods for general variational inequalities

We consider the general variational inequality GVI(F,g,C), where F and g are mappings from a Hilbert space into itself and C is intersection of the fixed point sets of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings. We suggest and analyze an iterative algorithm with variable parameters as follows:

     

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts as Beneficial Prospect for Cancer Theranostics

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely explored and are well-known for their medical applications. Chemical and physical synthesis methods are a way to make AuNPs. In any case, the hunt for other more ecologically friendly and cost-effective large-scale technologies, such as environmentally friendly biological processes known as green synthesis, has been gaining interest by worldwide researchers. The international focus on green nanotechnology research has resulted in various nanomaterials being used in environmentally and physiologically acceptable applications. Several advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis (simple, one-step approach to synthesize, cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility) have drawn scientists’ attention to exploring the green synthesis of AuNPs by exploiting plants’ secondary metabolites. Biogenic approaches, mainly the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles, have been chosen as the ideal strategy due to their environmental and in vivo safety, as well as their ease of synthesis. In this review, we reviewed the use of green synthesized AuNPs in the treatment of cancer by utilizing phytochemicals found in plant extracts. This article reviews plant-based methods for producing AuNPs, characterization methods of synthesized AuNPs, and discusses their physiochemical properties. This study also discusses recent breakthroughs and achievements in using green synthesized AuNPs in cancer treatment and different mechanisms of action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, leading to apoptosis, etc., for their anticancer and cytotoxic effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AuNPs therapeutic efficacy will aid in developing personalized medicines and treatments for cancer as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy.     

Insight into the magnetic behavior of Sr2IrO4: A spontaneous magnetization study

Sr₂IrO₄ is a weak ferromagnet where the spin arrangement is canted anti-ferromagnetic (AF). Moreover, the spin-structure coupling plays an important role in magnetic behavior of Sr₂IrO₄. In this concern the magnetization under zero applied field i.e. spontaneous magnetization would be interesting to study and would give insight into the novel magnetic behavior of Sr₂IrO₄. Sophisticated techniques like neutron diffraction, μSR etc has been used to understand the magnetic behavior of Sr₂IrO₄ under zero applied field. To understand the magnetic behavior we have performed field and temperature dependent magnetization study. The measured field and temperature dependent magnetic data is analyzed rigorously. We have attempted to understand the temperature dependance of spontaneous magnetization, remanent magnetization and coercive force. We observe that the spontaneous magnetization extracted from Arrott plot shows that the Sr₂IrO₄ is not an ideal ferromagnet. The temperature dependent coercive field follows Guant's model of strong domain wall pinning. Our investigation explicit the temperature dependence of various magnetic properties shows the magnetic transitions from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase with $T_c$ around 225 K and a low temperature evolution of magnetic moment around $T_M～90$ K.     

Structural,electronic, and optical properties of ZnO_(1-x)Se_x alloys using first-principles calculations

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of binary ZnO, ZnSe compounds, and their ternary ZnO 1-x Se x alloys are computed using the accurate full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW + lo) method in the rocksalt (B1) and zincblende (B3) crystallographic phases. The electronic band structures, fundamental energy band gaps, and densities of states for ZnO 1-x Se x are evaluated in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 using Wu-Cohen (WC) generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential. Our calculated results of lattice parameters and bulk modulus reveal a nonlinear variation for pseudo-binary and their ternary alloys in both phases and show a considerable deviation from Vegard's law. It is observed that the predicted lattice parameter and bulk modulus are in good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. We establish that the composition dependence of band gap is semi-metallic in B1 phase, while a direct band gap is observed in B3 phase. The calculated density of states is described by taking into account the contribution of Zn 3d, O2p, and Se 4s, and the optical properties are studied in terms of dielectric functions, refractive index, reflectivity, and energy loss function for the B3 phase and are compared with the available experimental data.     

Error bounds for finite element solutions of mildly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems

Summary The equivalence in a Hilbert space of variational and weak formulations of linear elliptic boundary value problems is well known. This same equivalence is proved here for mildly nonlinear problems where the right hand side of the differential equation involves the solution function. A finite element approximation to the solution of the weak problem ina finite dimensional subspace of the original Hilbert space is defined. An inequality bounding the error in this approximation over all functions of the space is derived, and in particular this holds for an interpolant to the weak solution. Thus this inequality, together with previously known, interpolation error bounds, produces a bound on the finite element solution to this nonlinear problem. An example of a mildly nonlinear Poisson problem is given.     

Synthesis,characterization, POM analysis and antifungal activity of novel heterocyclic chalcone derivatives containing acylated pyrazole

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives (4a–h) were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR as well as MS. All the synthesized compounds...     

5-Endo-dig electrophilic cyclization of alpha-alkynyl carbonyl compounds: synthesis of novel bicyclic 5-iodo- and 5-bromofuranopyrimidine nucleosides

5-Endo-dig electrophilic cyclization of 5-alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridines with N-iodosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide in acetone at room temperature gives 3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-halo-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ones that usually precipitate from the reaction mixture (86-74%).     

Self-adaptive methods for general variational inequalities

It is well known that the general variational inequalities are equivalent to the fixed point problems and the Wiener-Hopf equations. In this paper, we use these alternative equivalent formulations to suggest and analyze some new self-adaptive iterative methods for solving the general variational inequalities. Our results can be viewed as a significant extension of the previously known results for variational inequalities. An example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.