The use of stochastic analytic center for yield maximization of systems with general distributions of component values

This paper presents a new method for maximizing manufacturing yield when the realizations of system components are dependent random variables with general distributions. The method uses a new concept of stochastic analytic center introduced herein to design the unknown parameters of component values. Design specifications define a feasible region which, in the nonlinear case, is linearized using a first-order approximation. The resulting problem becomes a convex optimization problem. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the actual yield of the optimal designs of a tutorial example.     

Microwave‐assisted synthesis and anti‐HIV activity of new benzenesulfonamides bearing 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety

New benzenesulfonamides, most of which are chiral, incorporating 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and selected amino acid entities have been synthesized, using the microwave irradiation method. Most of the synthesized compounds were tested against HIV activity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:425–431, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20316     

Molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale surface diffusion of heterogeneous adatoms clusters

Molecular dynamics simulation employing the embedded atom method potential is utilized to investigate nanoscale surface diffusion mechanisms of binary heterogeneous adatoms clusters at 300 K, 500 K, and 700 K. Surface diffusion of heterogeneous adatoms clusters can be vital for the binary island growth on the surface and can be useful for the formation of alloy-based thin film surface through atomic exchange process. The results of the diffusion process show that at 300 K, the diffusion of small adatoms clusters shows hopping, sliding, and shear motion; whereas for large adatoms clusters(hexamer and above), the diffusion is negligible. At 500 K, small adatoms clusters, i.e., dimer, show almost all possible diffusion mechanisms including the atomic exchange process; however no such exchange is observed for adatoms clusters greater than dimer. At 700 K, the exchange mechanism dominates for all types of clusters, where Zr adatoms show maximum tendency and Ag adatoms show minimum or no tendency toward the exchange process. Separation and recombination of one or more adatoms are also observed at 500 K and 700 K. The Ag adatoms also occupy pop-up positions over the adatoms clusters for short intervals. At 700 K, the vacancies are also generated in the vicinity of the adatoms cluster,vacancy formation, filling, and shifting can be observed from the results.     

A Projected Finite Element Update Method for Inverse Identification of Material Constitutive Parameters in transversely Isotropic Laminates

In this paper, a novel application of Finite Element Update Method (FEUM) is proposed for the inverse identification of material constitutive parameters in transversely isotropic laminates. Two-dimensional Digital Image Correlation (2D–DIC) is used for full-field measurements which is required for the identification process. Instead of measuring the in-plane displacements, which is a well-known application of 2D–DIC, we seek to measure the pseudo-displacements resulting from out-of-plane (towards camera) deflection of plate under a point load. These pseudo-displacements are basically the perspective projection of the three dimensional displacement fields on the image-plane of the image acquisition system. The cost function in this method is defined in terms of these projections instead of the true displacements – and hence the name Projected Finite Element Update Method (PFEUM). In this article, identification of in-plane elastic moduli of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) plate has been performed using plate bending experiments which show pre-dominantly out-of-plane deflection with little contribution from the in-plane displacements. Identification results are validated by direct experimental measurements of the unknown elastic constants as well as theoretical estimates based on volume ratio of constituents. The results show good conformance between estimated and target values for at least three material parameters namely E₁, E₂ and G₁₂. Effects of experimental noise on parameter estimates has also been evaluated to explain the observed deviation in estimated parameters with current test configuration.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic investigation and biological activity of metal complexes with ONO trifunctionalalized hydrazone ligand

Mn^II, Fe^III, Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, La^III, Ru^III, Hf^IV, Zr^IV and U^VI complexes of 4-methylphenylamino acetoacetylacetone hydrazone have been synthesized and characterized by elementals analyses, i.r., u.v.–vis. spectra, magnetic moments, conductances, thermal analyses (d.t.a and t.g.a) and e.s.r measurements. The i.r. data show that, the ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate type (10), (13) and neutral tridentate type (4), (11), (12) and (21) monobasic bidentate type (7) or monobasic tridentate type (2), (3), (5), (6), (8), (14), (15), (16), (18), (19), (20) and (22) or dibasic tridentate type (5), (9) and (17) towards the metal ion. Molar conductances in DMF solution indicate that, the complexes are non-electrolytes. The e.s.r spectra of solid complexes (8) and (10) show axial type spectra with , d(x²-y²) ground state with significant covalent bond character. However, complex (12), shows an isotropic type, indicating a octahedral manganese(II) complex. Antibacterial and antifungal tests of the ligand and some of its metal complexes are also carried out and it has been observed that, the complexes are more potent bactericides and fungicides than the ligand.     

Electrical conductivity of AgI–CdI2–KI and AgI–CuI–KI ionic conducting systems

Samples of general formulae (AgI)_4?2x(CdI₂)_xKI and (AgI)_4?x(CuI)_xKI, x = 0–0.4, have been prepared and studied by conductivity measurements, powder X-ray diffraction and DSC techniques. Room temperature XRD reveals the presence of the orthorhombic K₂AgI₃ as the major component in the system. DSC traces show endothermic peaks in the temperature range of 309–330 K, depending on the sample composition. These are attributed to the solid state reaction between AgI and K₂AgI₃ to form the cubic KAg₄I₅. Impedance spectra show the prominence of electrode – electrolyte interface effect which is explained in terms of the high rate of ion migration. Ionic conductivity enhances with the increase of Cd²⁺ content, while Cu⁺ contained samples show a decrease in conductivity with increasing Cu⁺ ratio though the ionic conductivity remains higher than that of the pure one.     

Cordioxime: a new dioxime gamma-lactam from Cordia platythyrsa

Cordia platythyrsa Baker is known for its medicinal value. This paper deals with a phytochemical investigation of this species, from which cordioxime (1), a new dioxime y-lactam has been isolated. Its structure was determined by comprehensive analyses of its 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopic, and HREIMS data. The remaining two known compounds were identified as beta-sitosterol, and beta-sitosterol glucopyranoside.     

Computational investigations into the operating window for memristive devices based on homogeneous ionic motion

A model that describes the homogeneous migration of oxygen vacancies as a function of electric field, temperature, and activation energy of diffusion was used to investigate the resistance switching and retention characteristics of memristive SrTiO₃ Schottky devices. Numerical simulations suggest that, though ionic motion results in switching, it is not possible to meet the criteria of fast switching and long retention simultaneously; conditions that lead to sufficiently fast switching also lead to unacceptably fast decays of programmed states. However, an operational window is found when a term accounting for local enhancement of electric field in the dielectric is included. A discussion of the appropriateness of this inclusion is provided.     

Entropic Leggett–Garg inequality in neutrinos and <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>) meson systems

Entropic Leggett–Garg inequality is studied in systems like neutrinos in the context of two and three flavor neutrino oscillations and in neutral \(B_d\), \(B_s\) and K mesons. The neutrino dynamics is described with the matter effect taken into consideration. For the decohering B / K meson systems, the effect of decoherence and CP violation have also been taken into account, using the techniques of open quantum systems. Enhancement in the violation with increase in the number of measurements has been found, in consistency with findings in spin-s systems. The effect of decoherence is found to bring the deficit parameter \(\mathscr {D}^{[n]}\) closer to its classical value zero, as expected. The violation of entropic Leggett–Garg inequality lasts for a much longer time in K meson system than in \(B_d\) and \(B_s\) systems.     

Different Dimensionalities,Morphological Advancements and Engineering of g-C3N4-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has gained tremendous interest in the sector of power transformation and retention, because of its distinctive stacked composition, adjustable electronic structure, metal-free feature, superior thermodynamic durability, and simple availability. Furthermore, the restricted illumination and extensive recombination of photoexcitation electrons have inhibited the photocatalytic performance of pure g-C₃N₄. The dimensions of g-C₃N₄ may impact the field of electronics confinement; as a consequence, g-C₃N₄ with varying dimensions shows unique features, making it appropriate for a number of fascinating uses. Even if there are several evaluations emphasizing on the fabrication methods and deployments of g-C₃N₄, there is certainly an insufficiency of a full overview, that exhaustively depicts the synthesis and composition of diverse aspects of g-C₃N₄. Consequently, from the standpoint of numerical simulations and experimentation, several legitimate methodologies were employed to deliberately develop the photocatalyst and improve the optimal result, including elements loading, defects designing, morphological adjustment, and semiconductors interfacing. Herein, this evaluation initially discusses different dimensions, the physicochemical features, modifications and interfaces design development of g-C₃N₄. Emphasis is given to the practical design and development of g-C₃N₄ for the various power transformation and inventory applications, such as photocatalytic H₂ evolution, photoreduction of CO₂ source, electrocatalytic H₂ evolution, O₂ evolution, O₂ reduction, alkali-metal battery cells, lithium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and metal-air batteries. Ultimately, the current challenges and potential of g-C₃N₄ for fuel transformation and retention activities are explored.