Synthesis and central nervous system stimulant activity of 5,8-methanoquinazolines fused with 1,2,4-triazole,tetrazoleand 1,2,4-triazine

5,8-Methanoquinazolines fused with 1,2,4-triazole 4–5 , tetrazole 6 , and 1,2,4-triazine 8 were prepared starting from 2-hydrazino-5,8-methanoquinazoline 3 . Compound 3 and 6 showed the most potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant activities.     

Determination of l-alanine in a flow-injection system with an immobilized enzyme reactor

A flow-injection system for the determination of l-alanine is described. Alanine dehydrogenase is immobilized on poly(vinyl alcohol) beads and used in a packed-bed enzyme reactor. The system responds linearly to injected samples (50 μl) in the concentration range 0.5–500 μM. The maximum throughput was 40 samples per hour. The immobilized enzyme reactor was stable for at least 6 weeks. Its usefulness for assay of l-alanine in serum and beverages is described.     

Principal component analysis for surface reflection components and structure in facial images and synthesis of facial images for various ages

In this paper, principal component analysis is applied to the distribution of pigmentation, surface reflectance, and landmarks in whole facial images to obtain feature values. The relationship between the obtained feature vectors and the age of the face is then estimated by multiple regression analysis so that facial images can be modulated for woman aged 10–70. In a previous study, we analyzed only the distribution of pigmentation, and the reproduced images appeared to be younger than the apparent age of the initial images. We believe that this happened because we did not modulate the facial structures and detailed surfaces, such as wrinkles. By considering landmarks and surface reflectance over the entire face, we were able to analyze the variation in the distributions of facial structures and fine asperity, and pigmentation. As a result, our method is able to appropriately modulate the appearance of a face so that it appears to be the correct age.     

Hydroxylation of phenolic compounds under the condition of ultrasound in aqueous solution

Ultrasound (200 kHz)-assisted hydroxylation of phenolic compounds, such as phenol, 4-methyl phenol, 4-hydroxyanisol, 2-naphthol, catechol, resorcinol, 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyanisole, in aqueous solution was successfully carried out in 12–18 h to give the hydroxylated products which were identified as their respective acetates.     

Preparation of N-aryl-2,4-diaminopentanes by the ring opening reaction of 1-aryl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-(1H)pyrimidinones

1-Aryl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-(1H)pyrimidinones (I) underwent reductive ring opening reaction with lithium aluminum hydride to afford N-aryl-2,4-diaminopentanes (II) in good yields. On the other hand, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3,4,6-trimethyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone (V) gave only cyclic diamine, 3,4,6-trimethyl-1-phenylhexahydropyrimidine (VI), in 60% yield.     

Determination of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol and triglycerides by high-performance liquid chromatography and a post-column reactor containing immobilized glycerol dehydrogenase

A fluorimetri method is described for the determination of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol and triglycerides in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-line post-column reactor containing immobilized glycerol dehydrogenase. Before separation, triglycerides are cleaved with lipase and esterase. The polyhydric alcohols are separated from each other on a Finepak SIL C₁₈ (10 μm) column with water as eluent. The NADHI produced from the enzymatic reaction is monitored by fluorimetry. Calibration curves are linear between 0.01 mM and 1.0 mM for glycerol or 2.0 mM for 1,2-propanediol. The method gave satisfactory results for control sera.     

Photochemical Smiles rearrangement and Meisenheimer complex formation catalyzed by hydroxide ion via electron hole transfer catalysis

[reactions: see text] Photochemical para-to-nitro Smiles rearrangement and para-to-nitro Meisenheimer complex formation occurs for nitrophenoxyethylamines with high concentrations of hydroxide ion in aqueous solution. Both photoreactions show first-order dependence on hydroxide ion concentration, but the mechanism involving hydroxide ion does not involve acid-base catalysis. The reactions take place from the triplet excited states of the nitrophenyl ethers. Analysis of quantum yields and kinetics is consistent with an electron hole transfer catalysis mechanism.     

Flow-injection system for the fluorimetric determination of fructose with an immobilized mannitol dehydrogenase reactor

Immobilized mannitol dehydrogenase is used for the determination of D-fructose in a flow-injection system. The enzyme is immobilized on poly(vinyl alcohol) beads. The oxidation of NADH occurs simultaneously and the disappearance of NADH is measured fluorimetrically. The response is linearly related to fructose concentration in the range 6–600 μM; 30 samples per hour can be analysed. The immobilized enzyme retains over 80% of its initial activity after repetitive use for 2 months.     

Thermometric titration of some molybdates,molybdic acid,and molybdenum trioxide

A thermometric titrator equipped with differential thermistor is used for the titration of molybdenum in sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, magnesium molybdate, tetramethylammonium molybdate, and tetraethylammonium molybdate, based on their reactions with hydrochloric acid, and in ammonium paramolybdate, molybdic acid, and molybdenum trioxide, based on their reactions with sodium hydroxide. Orthomolybdates and ammonium paramolybdate were determined in the 0.5–0.005 M range; sufficient solid molybdic acid or molybdenum trioxide was taken to give a final 0.01–0.5 M solution in 20 ml of water. The method is simple and very quick. The standard deviation varies from 0.5 to 1.5% depending on the amount of sample taken.     

Structural and Electrochemical Comparison of Copper(II) Complexes with Tripodal Ligands

A series of copper(II) complexes with tripodal polypyridylmethylamine ligands, such as tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa), ((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Me(1)tpa), bis((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Me(2)tpa), and tris((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)amine (Me(3)tpa), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. [Cu(H(2)O)(tpa)](ClO(4))(2) (1) crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/a, with a = 15.029(7) ?, b = 9.268(2) ?, c = 17.948(5) ?, beta = 113.80(3) degrees, and Z = 4 (R = 0.061, R(w) = 0.059). [CuCl(Me(1)tpa)]ClO(4) (2) crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 13.617(4) ?, b = 14.532(4) ?, c = 12.357(4) ?, alpha = 106.01(3) degrees, beta = 111.96(2) degrees, gamma = 71.61(2) degrees, and Z = 4 (R = 0.054, R(w) = 0.037). [CuCl(Me(2)tpa)]ClO(4) (3) crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 19.650(4) ?, b = 13.528(4) ?, c = 8.55(1) ?, beta = 101.51(5) degrees, and Z = 4 (R = 0.071, R(w) = 0.050). [CuCl(Me(3)tpa)][CuCl(2)(Me(3)tpa)]ClO(4) (4) crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/a, with a = 15.698(6) ?, b = 14.687(7) ?, c = 19.475(4) ?, beta = 97.13(2) degrees, and Z = 4 (R = 0.054, R(w) = 0.038). All the Cu atoms of 1-4 have pentacoordinate geometries with three pyridyl and one tertiary amino nitrogen atoms, and a chloride or aqua oxygen atom. Nitrite ion coordinated to the Cu(II) center of Me(1)tpa, Me(2)tpa, and Me(3)tpa complexes with only oxygen atom to form nitrito adducts. The cyclic voltammograms of [Cu(H(2)O)(Me(n)()tpa)](2+) (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) in the presence of NO(2)(-) in H(2)O (pH 7.0) revealed that the catalytic activity for the reduction of NO(2)(-) increases in the order Me(3)tpa < Me(2)tpa < Me(1)tpa < tpa complexes.