Strong L=5 transition in Te(p,p′) reactions

Strong L=5 transitions have been found in the (p, p′) reaction on ^{122,124,126,128,130}Te. The possible 2⁵-pole collective motion in Te nuclei is discussed.     

Electrical conductivity and chemical bond of graphite intercalation compound with fluorine and metal fluoride

Graphite intercalation compounds with fluorine and metal fluoride (MgF₂ or CuF₂) were prepared from petroleum coke and pyrolytic graphite. With progress in the intercalation reaction, the first stage compound with identity period 9.4 Å changed to another structure of identity period 10.7 Å. It was found from ESCA measurements that the chemical interaction between intercalated fluorine and carbon was similar to the covalent bond around the surface and slightly ionic in the bulk. The maximum electrical conductivities in the direction of the ab-axis were (1.9–2.0) × 10⁵ (ωcm)^-1, which were 10–13 times that of the original pyrolytic graphite.     

Inclusion of nonionic emulsifier inside polymer particles produced by emulsion polymerization

A general emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methacrylic acid was carried out with polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether nonionic emulsifier. Surprisingly, about 75% of the nonionic emulsifier was included inside forming particles.     

Synthesis of diazasteroids II. Synthesis of 8,11-diaza-2,3-dimethoxygona-1, 3,5 (10), 9 (11)-tetraene

Homoveratrylamine was condensed with 1-cyanocyclopentene to afford the corresponding 2-cyano-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)cyclopentylamine (III), which was ethoxycarbonylated with ethyl chlorocarbonate to give the trans-urethan (IVt) (major product) and the cis-urethan (IVc) which could be separated through a silica gel column. The cis-urethan was converted to the trans-urethan by the action of a catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide. Based upon general considerations of nucleophilic addition such as the Michael type reaction, the physical data obtained, and the difference in ease of cyclization of the 2-aminomethyl-N-ethoxycarbonyl-. N-homoveratrylcyclopentylamines (Vt and Vc) to the corresponding cyclic ureas (Vlt and VIc), it was concluded that the major product was the trans and the minor the cis isomer. The cyclized compounds, Vlt and VIc, were subsequently submitted to the Bischler-Napieralski reaction furnishing the corresponding isoquinoline derivatives respectively. Thus the authors established a skeletal synthesis of the title compound, a 8,11-diazasteroid, and its stereochemical configuration at the C/D ring juncture was elucidated.     

Synthesis in the diazasteroid group. I. A new synthesis of 8,13-diaza-2,3-dimethoxygona-1,3,5(10)triene and its mercuric acetate oxidation

From the condensation reaction of methyl butyrolactim (I) with 1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (II), 8,13-diaza-2,3-dimethoxygona-l,3,5(10)trien-12-one (VI) and 8,13-diaza-2,3-dimethoxygona-l,3,5(10)triene (VII) were obtained in good yield. The oxidation of VI and VII with mercuric acetate was examined.     

Synthesis in the diazasteroid group. V. Synthesis of the 9,14-diazasteroid system

By the condensation reaction of 2-chloroquinoline (X) and ethyl 2-pyrrolidineacetate (II), 2-[1′-(2′-carboethoxymethyl)pyrrolidyl]quinoline (XI) was prepared. Compound XI was converted to the quarternary base (XIII) having a 9,14-diazasteroid skeleton by the reduction of the ester to the corresponding alcohol followed by the quaternarization via tosylation. Compound XIII was reduced with sodium borohydride to 9,14-diazagona-1,3,5(10)-triene (III), which is suggested to have the trans-anti-trans conformation.     

Ligand-Controlled Stereoselective Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-Exomethylene Pseudo-glycoconjugates: Discovery of Mincle-Selective Ligands

Glycoconjugate analogues in which the sp³-hybridized C2 position of the carbohydrate structure (normally bearing a hydroxy group) is converted into a compact sp²-hybridized exomethylene group are expected to have unique biological activities. We established ligand-controlled Tsuji–Trost-type glycosylation methodology to directly prepare a variety of these 2-exomethylene pseudo-glycoconjugates, including glucosylceramide analogues, in an α- or β-selective manner. Glucocerebrosidase GBA1 cleaves these synthetic pseudo-β-glucosylceramides similarly to native glucosylceramides. The pseudo-glucosylceramides exhibit selective ligand activity towards macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), but unlike native glucosylceramides, are inactive towards CD1d.     

Micro-flow injection system for the urinary protein assay

A urinary protein assay has been investigated, employing a micro-flow injection analysis (μFIA) combined with an adsorptive separation of protein from analyte. The adsorptive separation part of protein in the artificial urine with ceramic hydroxyapatite is integrated on the μFIA chip, since the interference of other components coexisting in urine occurs in the conventional FIA system. The typical FI peak can be obtained following the adsorption–elution process of the protein prior to the detection, and the protein concentration in artificial urine can be quantitatively determined.     

Discharge reaction mechanism in graphite fluoride-lithium batteries

The discharge reaction mechanism of graphite fluoride-lithium batteries utilizing a 1M LiClO₄-propylene carbonate (PC) system was studied by means of X-ray diffraction, ESCA, NMR and transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analyses and thermal gravimetry. Two types of graphite fluoride flakes, (CF)_n and (C₂F), and (C₂F)_n fibers were used as cathode materials. Based on the full characterization of discharge products of graphite fluoride cathodes, it has been revealed that the discharge reaction proceeds through the formation of an intermediate phase, solvated ternary compound of C-F-Li·PC or C₂-F-Li·PC, and they then decompose to graphite with low crystallinity and LiF. The decomposition process is not involved in the electrochemical reaction, and this discharge reaction infers the open-circuit voltage of batteries and the stable discharge potential with high utility of graphite fluoride cathode.