Proton response of high sensitivity CR-39 copolymer

We studied the track response for the copolymer of CR-39 monomer with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) as well as etching properties. It was found that copoly (CR-39/NIPAAm/Naugard 445) composed in wieght ratio of 99/1/0.01 is highly sensitive to low LET particles in the region below 10 keV/μm of LET and able to record normally incident particles of LET down to 1.5 keV/μm, recording protons up to the energy of 27 MeV. These results were compared with the responses for two types of CR-39 detectors containing a small quantity of antioxidant. The threshold energy proton registration is discussed.     

Molekulargewicht

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Nearly triply regular Drad’s ofRH type

Nearly triply regular (4m ², 2m ²−m,m ²−m) DRAD’s, wherem is an even power of 2, are constructed.     

An acidic polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata

An acidic polysaccharide, named saposhnikovan C, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk. It was homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. It is composed of D-galacturonic acid:L-rhamnose:L-arabinose:D-galactose in a molar ratio of 27:7:8:8, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 132000. About 30% of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. O-Acetyl groups were identified, and the content amounted to 3.3%. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and controlled Smith degradation studies indicated the structural features. It has a pectin-like rhamnogalacturonan backbone with branched arabinan and galactan side chains.     

Reinterpretation of two-photon interference experiment using advanced field

The recent two-photon interference experiments by Wang, Zou, and Mandel, with and without a time-dependent light switch introduced into one of interferometer arms, indicate the collapse of photon waves along empty arms, not travelled by the detected photon, at a critical moment on the light cone backwards from the detected photon. It is proposed to interpret the Schrödinger's retarded wave equation as an operator acting on the advanced field satisfying the final condition of the experiment. In this time-symmetrical formulation the advanced field of the detected particle guides the retarded wave from the particle source not to enter empty arms, and the critical moment is interpreted as the time of the passage of the advanced field through the light switch. By changing the relative optical lengths of interferometer arms and observing the independence of the result of the experiment on the relative position of the detectors, we could conceive of the unarousal of the empty wave destined to collapse.     

Formulation of Aluminum Chloride Phthalocyanine in Pluronic™ P‐123 and F‐127 Block Copolymer Micelles: Photophysical properties and Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms

Aluminum Chloride Phthalocyanine (AlPcCl) can be used as a photosensitizer (PS) for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms (PDI). The AlPcCl showed favorable characteristics for PDI due to high quantum yield of singlet oxygen (Φ_Δ) and photostability. Physicochemical properties and photodynamic inactivation of AlPcCl incorporated in polymeric micelles of tri‐block copolymer (P‐123 and F‐127) against microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were investigated in this work. Previously, it was observed that the AlPcCl undergoes self‐aggregation in F‐127, while in P‐123 the PS is in a monomeric form suitable for PDI. Due to the self‐aggregation of AlPcCl in F‐127, this formulation did not show any effect on these microorganisms. On the other hand, AlPcCl formulated in P‐123 was effective against S. aureus and C. albicans and the death of microorganisms was dependent on the PS concentration and illumination time. Additionally, it was found that the values of PS concentration and illumination time to eradicate 90% of the initial population of microorganisms (IC₉₀ and D₉₀, respectively) were small for the AlPcCl in P‐123, showing the effectiveness of this formulation for PDI.