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141.
In a polar ferrimagnet GaFeO3, we have found a novel magneto-optical effect, termed x-ray nonreciprocal directional dichroism (XNDD), that the x-ray absorption at around the K edge of an Fe ion depends on whether the x-ray propagation vector is parallel or antiparallel to the outer product of the magnetization and electric-polarization vectors. The XNDD spectroscopy as demonstrated here can be a useful tool to probe the local magnetism in noncentrosymmetric systems such as magnetic interfaces and nanostructures. 相似文献
142.
Recent experiments on the addition of alkene and alkyne molecules to H-terminated silicon surfaces have provided evidence for a surface chain reaction initiated at isolated Si dangling bonds and involving an intermediate carbon radical state, which, after abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a neighboring Si-H unit, transforms into a stable adsorbed species plus a new Si dangling bond. Using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, together with an efficient method for determining reaction pathways, we have studied the initial steps of this chain reaction for a few different terminal alkynes and alkenes interacting with an isolated Si dangling bond on an otherwise H-saturated Si(111) surface. Calculated minimum energy pathways (MEPs) indicate that the chain mechanism is viable in the case of C(2)H(2), whereas for C(2)H(4) the stabilization of the intermediate state is so small and the barrier for H-abstraction so (relatively) large that the molecule is more likely to desorb than to form a stable adsorbed species. For phenylacetylene and styrene, stabilization of the intermediate state and decrease of the H-abstraction barrier take place. While a stable adsorbed species exists in both cases, the overall heat of adsorption is larger for the alkyne molecules. 相似文献
143.
Acid-catalyzed oligomerization of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrroles bearing C6F5, 2,6-Cl2C6H3, CF3 and CO2Et groups at beta-positions was examined. The reaction of ethyl pyrrole-3-carboxylates gave a mixture of oligomers and type I isomers of porphyrinogens and hexaphyrinogens were isolated when the other beta-substituents were sufficiently bulky, for example, mesityl, 2,6-Cl2C6H3 and C6F5 groups. On the other hand, the pyrroles having other electron-withdrawing groups afforded porphyrinogens as the only isolable products. 相似文献
144.
Eisenstein BI Ernst J Gladding GE Gollin GD Hans RM Johnson E Karliner I Marsh MA Plager C Sedlack C Selen M Thaler JJ Williams J Edwards KW Sadoff AJ Ammar R Bean A Besson D Zhao X Anderson S Frolov VV Kubota Y Lee SJ Poling R Smith A Stepaniak CJ Urheim J Ahmed S Alam MS Athar SB Jian L Ling L Saleem M Timm S Wappler F Anastassov A Eckhart E Gan KK Gwon C Hart T Honscheid K Hufnagel D Kagan H Kass R Pedlar TK Thayer JB von Toerne E Zoeller MM Richichi SJ Severini H Skubic P Undrus A Savinov V 《Physical review letters》2001,87(6):061801
Using 12.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the CLEO detector at CESR, we observed two-photon production of the cc states chi(c0) and chi(c2) in their decay to pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-). We measured gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c))xB(chi(c)-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)) to be 75+/-13(stat)+/-8(syst) eV for the chi(c0) and 6.4+/-1.8(stat)+/-0.8(syst) eV for the chi(c2), implying gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0)) = 3.76+/-0.65(stat)+/-0.41(syst)+/-1.69(br) keV and gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)) = 0.53+/-0.15(stat)+/-0.06(syst)+/-0.22(br) keV. Also, cancellation of dominant experimental and theoretical uncertainties permits a precise comparison of gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0))/gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)), evaluated to be 7.4+/-2.4(stat)+/-0.5(syst)+/-0.9(br), with QCD-based predictions. 相似文献
145.
Ammar R Bean A Besson D Davis R Kwak N Zhao X Anderson S Frolov VV Kubota Y Lee SJ Mahapatra R O'Neill JJ Poling R Riehle T Smith A Stepaniak CJ Urheim J Ahmed S Alam MS Athar SB Jian L Ling L Saleem M Timm S Wappler F Anastassov A Duboscq JE Eckhart E Gan KK Gwon C Hart T Honscheid K Hufnagel D Kagan H Kass R Pedlar TK Schwarthoff H Thayer JB von Toerne E Zoeller MM Richichi SJ Severini H Skubic P Undrus A Chen S Fast J Hinson JW Lee J Miller DH Shibata EI Shipsey IP Pavlunin V 《Physical review letters》2001,86(7):1167-1170
Using data recorded with the CLEO II and CLEO II.V detector configurations at the Cornell Electron Storage Rings, we report the first observation and mass measurement of the Sigma(*+)(c) charmed baryon, and an updated measurement of the mass of the Sigma(+)(c) baryon. We find M(Sigma(*+)(c))-M(Lambda(+)(c)) = (231.0+/-1.1+/-2.0) MeV, and M(Sigma(+)(c))-M(Lambda(+)(c)) = (166.4+/-0.2+/-0.3) MeV, where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. 相似文献
146.
T. Kunimatsu T. Sato K. Izumina A. Matsubara Y. Sasaki M. Kubota O. Ishikawa T. Mizusaki Yu. M. Bunkov 《JETP Letters》2007,86(3):216-220
The orientation of the order parameter in the A-like and B-like phases of superfluid 3He immersed in uniaxially compressed aerogel is reported. With the use of NMR methods, it is found that the orbital momentum
of the A-and B-like phases is oriented along the deformation. In the A-like phase, a relatively narrow NMR line with an anomalously
large negative frequency shift is observed. The Leggett frequency in the A-like phase, which shows the same energy gap suppression
as in the B-like phase, is measured.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
147.
Noboru Mizushima 《Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences》2007,83(2):39-46
Autophagy is in principle a non-selective degradation system within cells, which is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy is usually suppressed at low levels but can be upregulated during periods of nutrient starvation, which facilitates cell survival. In addition to this fundamental role, basal autophagy was recently revealed to be important for constitutive turnover of intracellular proteins and organelles. Autophagy has been considered to be involved also in presentation of endogenous antigens, degradation of invasive bacteria, tumor suppression, cell death and development. This review will discuss the biological significance of autophagy, particularly focusing on its implications in protein metabolism in mammals. 相似文献
148.
Noboru Takeuchi 《Surface science》2007,601(16):3361-3365
The adsorption of acetylene on the Si(0 0 1)-c(2 × 4) surface at low and full coverage is studied by first principles density functional calculations using the generalized gradient approximation. For a single acetylene molecule, the most stable configuration corresponds to the di-σ site, on-top of a silicon dimer. This configuration is 0.36 eV more stable than the end-bridge site between two adjacent Si dimers. However, if there are two acetylene molecules, the paired end bridge configuration becomes the most stable. We have also studied the kinetics of the adsorption of a single acetylene molecule. Our calculations show that the reaction is barrier-free for adsorption in the di-σ configuration, while there is an energy barrier of 0.19 eV for adsorption in the end-bridge site. At monolayer coverage, the most stable configuration corresponds to acetylene molecules in the pair-end bridge configuration, in agreement with previous calculations. We have found a noticeable coverage dependence only for the end-bridge site, but not for the di-σ. Our results show that to have an accurate picture of the adsorption of acetylene on the Si(0 0 1) surface, a large unit cell is needed. 相似文献
149.
Alejandro R. Diaz Noboru Klkuchl Panos Papalambros John E. Taylor 《基于设计的结构力学与机械力学》2013,41(2):215-230
ABSTRACT Finite element solutions of improved quality are obtained by optimizing the location of nodes of the finite element grid, while keeping the number of degrees of freedom fixed. The formulation of the grid optimization problem is based on the reduction of error associated with interpolation of the exact solution, using functions from the finite element space. Element sizes are selected as design variables: length in R1 and area in R2. Analytically derived optimality conditions are presented and an approximation to these conditions is introduced to obtain a set of operationally useful equations that can be used as guidelines for construction of improved grids. Example problems are given for illustration. 相似文献
150.