Two optical AND gates built in 2D photonic crystal (PhC) platform have been proposed and numerically simulated using 2D finite element method (FEM). The suggested logic gates consist of five PhC waveguides and silicon annular ring resonator filled by nematic liquid crystal (NLC) of type E7. The first proposed AND gate can handle two inputs and support two operating wavelengths, λ = 1.5 and 1.55 µm. However, the second proposed AND gate can handle three inputs at λ = 1.5 µm. The reported logic gates offer high and low transmission levels with a threshold of 0.5 and an ultra-high bit rate of not less than 0.3 Tbits/s. Further, the suggested AND gates operation can be switched off by using the NLC layer. 相似文献
Hydrocode simulations are carried out using Ansys Autodyn (version 11.0) to study the effects of the liner material (mild steel, copper, armco iron, tantalum, and aluminum) on the shape, velocity, traveled distance, pressure, internal energy, temperature, divergence or stability, density, compression, and length-to-diameter ratio of explosively formed projectiles. These parameters are determined at the instants of the maximum as well as stable velocity during the flight towards the target. The results of these parameters present the potential capability of each liner material used to fabricate explosively formed projectiles. An experimental analysis is performed to study the velocity status and the length-to-diameter ratio of explosively formed projectiles. 相似文献
The present study has carried out with an objective of determining the activity concentrations of two radionuclides namely polonium-210 (210Po) and lead-210 (210Pb) in smoke tobacco products (cigarette, bidi and cigar) and smokeless tobacco products (chewing tobacco and snuff) consumed in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu (India) and their annual committed effective dose to tobacco consumers. The concentration of 210Po was always higher than that of 210Pb in all the analyzed tobacco products. It also revealed that 79% of Annual committed effective dose comes from 210Po and about 21% from 210Pb. Maximum concentration (13.2 mBq g?1) of 210Po recorded in cigarette and lowest concentration was observed in snuff (6.4 mBq g?1). The highest mean committed effective dose of 210Po and 210Pb in various tobacco products were found in cigarette followed by bidi, cigar, chewing tobacco and snuff. The study revealed that the tobacco products available in Tiruchirappalli District contain a relatively lower concentration of radionuclides when compared to other regional studies. Since this kind of study in India is fragmentary, the present study has generated a base data for the first time for entire Tiruchirappalli District.
Emulsions stand among the most important multiphase fluids, exhibiting various complicated phenomenon. To understand the process of emulsification, the Taylor equation has been extended to incorporate the parameters that depend on molecular mass of oil and their contents and the amount of surfactant added. To test the validity of the proposed equations, four well-defined short chain (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-decane, and kerosene) oils were emulsified in water and the results were compared with the experimental ones. It has been concluded that the extended Taylor equation worked well, even in the presence of surfactant. The quality of the emulsion defined and discussed in terms of size and number of droplets was best near CMC of the surfactant used. A relationship has also been derived between CMC of surfactant and its distribution coefficient, which allows the exact value of one parameter to be determined if other is known. 相似文献
We report a novel technique for the formation of metal nanoparticles, based on electrolysis of the alcogels containing metal
chlorides. The alcogel was formed from TEOS, water, ethanol, and nickel chloride, and subjected to galvanostatic electrolysis.
This resulted in successful formation of Ni nanoparticles inside the silica gel. Average particle size of FCC Ni lies between
18 and 20 nm. The formation of tetragonal nickel (a sub-oxide of nickel) as well as NiO were also detected by XRD and SAED.
The resistivity measurements showed that the nickel nanoparticles were separated from each other by Ni(O) present between
them. Magnetic studies based on ZFC and FC measurements below room temperature (up to 5 K) and above room temperature (up
to 700 K) were conducted using SQUID and Magnetic TGA, respectively, which showed strong magnetic irreversibility as attributable
to exchange interaction between metallic and oxide phases and mutual interactions among metallic particles in the network
structure. The blocking temperature (~600 K) of the samples was above room temperature. M–H studies based on VSM showed an
increase in magnetic coercivity with the formation of NiO. A magnetic transition associated with tetragonal nickel was seen
at 10 K. 相似文献
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are a family of enzymes that regulate the ubiquitin signaling cascade by removing ubiquitin from specific proteins in response to distinct signals. DUBs that belong to the metalloprotease family (metalloDUBs) contain Zn2+ in their active sites and are an integral part of distinct cellular protein complexes. Little is known about these enzymes because of the lack of specific probes. Described here is a Ub‐based probe that contains a ubiquitin moiety modified at its C‐terminus with a Zn2+ chelating group based on 8‐mercaptoquinoline, and a modification at the N‐terminus with either a fluorescent tag or a pull‐down tag. The probe is validated using Rpn11, a metalloDUB found in the 26S proteasome complex. This probe binds to metalloDUBs and efficiently pulled down overexpressed metalloDUBs from a HeLa cell lysate. Such probes may be used to study the mechanism of metalloDUBs in detail and allow better understanding of their biochemical processes. 相似文献