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81.
Véronique Dupuis Nils Blanc Luis E. Diaz-Sanchez Arnaud Hillion Alexandre Tamion Florent Tournus Gustavo M. Pastor Andrei Rogalev Fabrice Wilhelm 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2013,67(2):1-4
In this paper, the one-way absorption property in one-dimensional dielectric/metal photonic crystal structure with a dielectric defect layer is studied. The effects of incident angle and state of polarization on one-way absorption behaviour of the anti-resonant (AR) mode are investigated. The normally incident wave from left to right propagation is totally allowed to penetrate to the structure but right to left propagation totally reflected at the same wavelength. It is found that, with increasing of the incident angle, the AR mode shifts to the lower wavelengths and its intensity decreases. Simultaneously, another AR mode with reversed one-way property appears at higher wavelength. The one-way behaviour on absorption is observed at the both states of polarizations but is localized on different wavelengths. Those effects, are suggesting that the proposed structure can be used as a direction sense polarization splitter or reflector/antireflector device. 相似文献
82.
83.
Björn Schwarz Issic K. C. Leung Nils Buchholtz Gabriele Kaiser Gloria Stillman Jill Brown Colleen Vale 《ZDM》2008,40(5):791-811
In this paper, qualitative results of a case study about the professional knowledge in the area of argumentation and proof of future teachers from universities in three countries are described. Based on results of open questionnaires, data about the competencies these future teachers have in the areas of mathematical knowledge and knowledge of mathematics pedagogy are presented. The study shows that the majority of the future teachers at the participating universities situated in Germany, Hong Kong and Australia, were not able to execute formal proofs, requiring only lower secondary mathematical content, in an adequate and mathematically correct way. In contrast, in all samples there was evidence of at least average competencies of pedagogical content reflection about formal and pre-formal proving in mathematics teaching. However, it appears that possessing a mathematical background as mandated for teaching and having a high affinity with proving in mathematics teaching at the lower secondary level are not a sufficient preparation for teaching proof. 相似文献
84.
85.
Cyclometalated Iridium(III) and Rhodium(III) Complexes Containing Naphthyridine Ligands: Synthesis,Characterization and Biological Studies
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The synthesis, crystal structure, and biological activity of new bis‐cyclometalated compounds [M(ptpy)2(4‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine)]PF6 [M = Rh ( 1 ); M = Ir ( 2 ); ptpy = 2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridinato] and [M(ptpy)2(2‐methyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine)]PF6 [M = Rh ( 3 ); M = Ir ( 4 )] are described. The new compounds were prepared by the reaction of [{M(μ‐Cl)(ptpy)2}2] (M = Rh, Ir) with the corresponding naphthyridine ligands. The molecular structures of compounds 1 , 3 , and 4 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. 相似文献
86.
Tristan A. Reekie Jean-Paul Gisselbrecht Corinne Boudon Nils Trapp François Diederich 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(25):2414-2416
Two push-pull chromophores that have shown utility in the field of molecular electronics and non-linear optics are DDMEBT (1, 2-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,4,4-tetracarbonitrile) and TDMEE (2, 4-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl)but-1-en-3-yne-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile). Unfortunately, the methods reported for their synthesis give variable yields, use toxic solvents, and only provide small amounts of material. We report improved synthetic protocols, providing access to larger quantities of material. By investigating multiple metal-acetylides of 4-ethynyl-N,N-dimethylaniline and their subsequent addition to TCNE, we obtained various products depending on the identity of the metal ion. This led to the simple synthesis of push-pull chromophoric compounds. 相似文献
87.
Isabel C. Henao Castañeda Carlos O. Della Védova Oscar E. Piro Nils Metzler-Nolte Jorge L. Jios 《Polyhedron》2010
Structural and conformational properties of S-benzyl ferrocenecarbothioate (I) and S-(2-methoxyphenyl) ferrocenecarbothioate (II) are analyzed using data obtained from X-ray diffraction, vibrational data and theoretical calculations. According to chemical quantum calculations, the synperiplanar and antiperiplanar forms are found as the first and second more stable conformations, respectively, for the title compounds. The geometric parameters and normal modes of vibration were calculated using a density functional theory method (B3LYP) and the 6-31+G∗∗ basis set for all atoms except for iron. For this atom the calculations were carried out with the Lanl2dz basis set. The calculated parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding X-ray diffraction values. The combined experimental and theoretical approach allows a consistent assignment for most of the fundamental modes. 相似文献
88.
Katharina Kohse‐Höinghaus Prof. Patrick Oßwald Dr. Terrill A. Cool Prof. Tina Kasper Dr. Nils Hansen Dr. Fei Qi Prof. Charles K. Westbrook Dr. Phillip R. Westmoreland Prof. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2010,49(21):3572-3597
Biofuels, such as bio‐ethanol, bio‐butanol, and biodiesel, are of increasing interest as alternatives to petroleum‐based transportation fuels because they offer the long‐term promise of fuel‐source regenerability and reduced climatic impact. Current discussions emphasize the processes to make such alternative fuels and fuel additives, the compatibility of these substances with current fuel‐delivery infrastructure and engine performance, and the competition between biofuel and food production. However, the combustion chemistry of the compounds that constitute typical biofuels, including alcohols, ethers, and esters, has not received similar public attention. Herein we highlight some characteristic aspects of the chemical pathways in the combustion of prototypical representatives of potential biofuels. The discussion focuses on the decomposition and oxidation mechanisms and the formation of undesired, harmful, or toxic emissions, with an emphasis on transportation fuels. New insights into the vastly diverse and complex chemical reaction networks of biofuel combustion are enabled by recent experimental investigations and complementary combustion modeling. Understanding key elements of this chemistry is an important step towards the intelligent selection of next‐generation alternative fuels. 相似文献
89.
Thuro Arnold Kay Großmann Nils Baumann 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,396(5):1641-1653
Biofilms may immobilize toxic heavy metals in the environment and thereby influence their migration behaviour. The mechanisms
of these processes are currently not understood, because the complexity of such biofilms creates many discrete geochemical
microenvironments which may differ from the surrounding bulk solution in their bacterial diversity, their prevailing geochemical
properties, e.g. pH and dissolved oxygen concentration, the presence of organic molecules, e.g. metabolites, and many more,
all of which may affect metal speciation. To obtain such information, which is necessary for performance assessment studies
or the development of new cost-effective strategies for cleaning waste waters, it is very important to develop new non-invasive
methods applicable to study the interactions of metals within biofilm systems. Laser fluorescence techniques have some superior
features, above all very high sensitivity for fluorescent heavy metals. An approach combining confocal laser scanning microscopy
and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for study of the interactions of biofilms with uranium is presented. It was found
that coupling these techniques furnishes a promising tool for in-situ non-invasive study of fluorescent heavy metals within
biofilm systems. Information on uranium speciation and uranium redox states can be obtained. 相似文献
90.
The preparation of chlorine-, bromine-, and iodine-terminated silicon surfaces (Si(111):Cl, Br, and I) using atomically flat
Si(111)-(1×1):H is described. The halogenated surfaces were obtained by photochemically induced radical substitution reactions
with the corresponding dihalogen in a Schlenk tube by conventional inert gas chemistry. The nucleophilic substitution of the
Si-Cl functionality with the Grignard reagent (CH3MgCl) resulted in the unreconstructed methylated Si(111)-(1×1):CH3 surface. The halogenated and methylated silicon surfaces were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
and laser-induced desorption of monolayers (LIDOM). Calibration of the desorption temperature via analysis of time-of-flight
(TOF) distributions as a function of laser fluence allowed the determination of the originally emitted neutral fragments by
TOF mass spectrometry using electron-impact ionization. The halogens were desorbed atomically and as SiX
n
(X = Cl, Br) clusters. The methyl groups mainly desorbed as methyl and ethyl fragments and a small amount of +SiCH3. 相似文献