Spectral reflection characteristics of spruce needles and leaves of trees in the zones with industrially polluted air

We analyze the results of laboratory measurements for the reflection spectra of spruce needles and maple leaves from zones with different degrees of air pollution by SO₂ and NO_x oxides. The calculated first derivatives and vegation indices are discussed. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 789–792, November–December, 1997.     

Change in the phase composition and defect structure of a multicomponent ordered Ni-based alloy upon high-temperature annealing

Phase transformations upon the high-temperature annealing of a multicomponent Ni-based alloy produced via direct crystallization are studied by diffraction electron microscopy. The alloy is annealed at T = 1000°C for a prolonged period. The phase composition is determined. The dislocation structure and behavior of the γ-phase during prolonged annealing are studied.     

Mass Transfer of Salt Ions in an Electromembrane System with Violated Electroneutrality in the Diffusion Layer: The Effect of a Heterolytic Dissociation of Water

The effect of water dissociation on the mass transfer of salt ions is studied with allowance for the space charge. The Kharkats problem, which considers exaltation of the limiting diffusion current, and the Rubinstein problem, which accounts for violation of the electroneutrality condition in a membrane system, are generalized.     

Phase Transformations and Misorientations in Ferrite-Martensitic Steel upon Intense Plastic Deformation

Changes in the structural and phase state of low-carbon steel with a mixed structure of tempered martensite and ferrite, and deformed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), are analyzed by means of transmission electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The impact ECAP has on the phase composition and morphology of the alloy is determined. The behavior of the carbide phase is studied. Grain misorientations are measured. Special attention is given to the problem of fine grain formation upon ECAP.     

Structure and Phase Composition of Heat-Affected Zone of Austenite Steel After Deformation

Russian Physics Journal - The paper presents the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of the thin film structure and phase composition of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a weld...     

Antisite defects in the Ni3Al phase

Different types of antisite defects are considered, reasons for their occurrence are classified in detail, their relationship with the ordering energy is traced, and some estimates of the ordering energy are made on the basis of the melting temperature.