The triple pyrophosphate Cs3CaFe(P2O7)2

The complex phosphate tricaesium calcium iron bis(diphosphate), Cs₃CaFe(P₂O₇)₂, has been prepared by the flux method. Isolated [FeO₅] and [CaO₆] polyhedra are linked by two types of P₂O₇ groups into a three‐dimensional framework. The latter is penetrated by hexagonal channels along the a axis where three Cs atoms are located. Calculations of caesium Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra give coordination schemes for the three Cs atoms as [8 + 3], [9 + 1] and [9 + 4]. The structure includes features of both two‐ and three‐dimensional frameworks of caesium double pyrophosphates.     

Two Distinct Mechanisms of Alkyne Insertion into the Metal–Sulfur Bond: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study and Application in Catalysis

The present study reports the evidence for the multiple carbon–carbon bond insertion into the metal–heteroatom bond via a five‐coordinate metal complex. Detailed analysis of the model catalytic reaction of the carbon–sulfur (C? S) bond formation unveiled the mechanism of metal‐mediated alkyne insertion: a new pathway of C? S bond formation without preliminary ligand dissociation was revealed based on experimental and theoretical investigations. According to this pathway alkyne insertion into the metal–sulfur bond led to the formation of intermediate metal complex capable of direct C? S reductive elimination. In contrast, an intermediate metal complex formed through alkyne insertion through the traditional pathway involving preliminary ligand dissociation suffered from “improper” geometry configuration, which may block the whole catalytic cycle. A new catalytic system was developed to solve the problem of stereoselective S? S bond addition to internal alkynes and a cost‐efficient Ni‐catalyzed synthetic procedure is reported to furnish formation of target vinyl sulfides with high yields (up to 99 %) and excellent Z/E selectivity (>99:1).     

Study of radiation background at the north crossing point of the BEPCⅡ in collision mode

Understanding the radiation background at the north crossing point (NCP) in the tunnel of BEPCII is crucial for the performance safety of the High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, and in turn of great significance for long-term stable running of the energy measurement system. Therefore, as the first step, a NaI(Tl) detector is constructed to continuously measure the radiation level of photons as background for future experiments. Furthermore, gamma and neutron dosimeters are utilized to explore the radiation distribution in the vicinity of the NCP where the HPGe detector will be located. Synthesizing all obtained information, the shielding for neutron irradiation is studied based on model-dependent theoretical analysis.     

Contribution of H-bond vibrations to heat capacity of water

The origin of the anomalously large value of the heat capacity of liquid water is discussed. Comparing the temperature dependence of the heat capacities for water with those for argon and hydrogen sulfide, we separate contributions of the translational and rotational degrees of freedom. The residual part is considered as being caused by the specific contributions of the transversal vibrations of H-bonds. The estimate for the number of H-bonds per molecule is obtained from the analysis of this contribution. This estimate is in quite good agreement with the estimates which follow from the analysis of the specific volume, heat of evaporation, and kinematic shear viscosity.     

Polarized neutron imaging: A spin-echo approach

Polarized neutron imaging has recently been introduced as an efficient method to three-dimensionally visualize and measure magnetic fields even in the bulk of massive objects. Here we introduce a spin-echo approach for polarized neutron imaging, which has the potential to overcome some drawbacks of the first attempts, namely to deal with strong fields, arbitrary field directions and quantification. Furthermore our novel approach increases the efficiency of quantitative studies due to relaxed monochromatisation requirements for spin-echo neutron imaging and with respect to additional information available in the recorded images, which allows for straightforward quantification in many cases.     

1-Bromo-2-trifluoroacetylcyclobutenes as novel building blocks for the construction of trifluoromethyl substituted heterocycles. Part 2: Synthesis of trifluoromethyl substituted thiophenes, condensed with cyclobutene moieties

This paper describes a novel synthetic approach to 2-cyano-3-trifluoromethylthiophenes fused with cyclobutene rings with variable spiro conjunctions. The reaction of substituted 1-bromo-2-trifluoroacetylcyclobutenes with mercaptoacetonitrile results in the substitution of bromine with S-center to afford the corresponding nitriles in high yields, which form the target thiophenes by subsequent treatment of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide and acetic anhydride.     

Mechanism of ignition by non-equilibrium plasma

The kinetics of ignition in stoichiometric C_nH_2n+2:O₂:Ar mixtures with 90% dilution for n = 1-5 has been studied experimentally and numerically under the action of a high-voltage nanosecond discharge. It was shown that the initiation of the discharge by a high-voltage pulse 115 kV in amplitude with a specific deposited energy of 10-30 mJ/cm³ leads to more than an order of magnitude decrease in the ignition delay time. The generation of atoms, radicals and excited and charged particles by the discharge was numerically described. The role of different atoms and radicals (O, H and C_nH_2n+1) was analyzed. The temporal evolution of the densities of intermediate components in the plasma assisted ignition was discussed.