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41.
Nikolaus Bck Gerhard A. Holzapfel 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2004,41(26):7459-7469
Starting from the issue of what is the correct form for a Legendre transformation of the strain energy in terms of Eulerian and two-point tensor variables we introduce a new two-point deformation tensor, namely H=(F−F−T)/2, as a possible deformation measure involving points in two distinct configurations. The Lie derivative of H is work conjugate to the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor P. The deformation measure H leads to straightforward manipulations within a two-point setting such as the derivation of the virtual work equation and its linearization required for finite element implementation. The manipulations are analogous to those used for the Lagrangian and Eulerian frameworks. It is also shown that the Legendre transformation in terms of two-point tensors and spatial tensors require Lie derivatives. As an illustrative example we propose a simple Saint Venant–Kirchhoff type of a strain-energy function in terms of H. The constitutive model leads to physically meaningful results also for the large compressive strain domain, which is not the case for the classical Saint Venant–Kirchhoff material. 相似文献
42.
Weise K Kapoor S Denter C Nikolaus J Opitz N Koch S Triola G Herrmann A Waldmann H Winter R 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(4):880-887
The K-Ras4B GTPase is a major oncoprotein whose signaling activity depends on its correct localization to negatively charged subcellular membranes and nanoclustering in membrane microdomains. Selective localization and clustering are mediated by the polybasic farnesylated C-terminus of K-Ras4B, but the mechanisms and molecular determinants involved are largely unknown. In a combined chemical biological and biophysical approach we investigated the partitioning of semisynthetic fully functional lipidated K-Ras4B proteins into heterogeneous anionic model membranes and membranes composed of viral lipid extracts. Independent of GDP/GTP-loading, K-Ras4B is preferentially localized in liquid-disordered (l(d)) lipid domains and forms new protein-containing fluid domains that are recruiting multivalent acidic lipids by an effective, electrostatic lipid sorting mechanism. In addition, GDP-GTP exchange and, thereby, Ras activation results in a higher concentration of activated K-Ras4B in the nanoscale signaling platforms. Conversely, palmitoylated and farnesylated N-Ras proteins partition into the l(d) phase and concentrate at the l(d)/l(o) phase boundary of heterogeneous membranes. Next to the lipid anchor system, the results reveal an involvement of the G-domain in the membrane interaction process by determining minor but yet significant structural reorientations of the GDP/GTP-K-Ras4B proteins at lipid interfaces. A molecular mechanism for isoform-specific Ras signaling from separate membrane microdomains is postulated from the results of this study. 相似文献
43.
Owschimikow N Schmidt B Schwentner N 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(19):8671-8680
We numerically investigate the post-pulse alignment of rotationally excited diatomic molecules upon nonresonant interaction with a linearly polarized laser pulse. In addition to the simulations, we develop a simple model which qualitatively describes the shape and amplitude of post-pulse alignment induced by a laser pulse of moderate power density. In our treatment we take into account that molecules in rotationally excited states can interact with a laser pulse not only by absorbing energy but also by stimulated emission. The extent to which these processes are present in the interaction depends, on the one hand, on the directionality of the molecular angular momentum (given by the M quantum number), and on the other hand on the ratio of transition frequencies and pulse duration (determined by the J number). A rotational wave packet created by a strong pulse from an initially pure state contains a broad range of rotational levels, over which the character of the interaction can change from non-adiabatic to adiabatic. Depending on the laser pulse duration and amplitude, the transition from the non-adiabatic to the adiabatic limit proceeds through a region with dominant rotational heating, or alignment, for short pulses and a large region with rotational cooling, and correspondingly preferred anti-alignment, for longer pulses. 相似文献
44.
Joseph K. Rugutt Nikolaus H. Fischer Marcus A. Nauman Thomas J. Schmidt Dana K. Berner 《光谱学快报》2013,46(5):799-818
The two known cadinanes 2-hydroxy-8α-hydroxycalamenene and 2-hydroxy-8α-angeloyloxycalamenene were isolated from a Louisiana population of Heterotheca subaxillaris. Their 13C NMR spectra were fully assigned by the application of HETCOR, COLOC, COSY, NOESY and DEPT experiments. It was shown on the basis of NOESY experiments that both cadinanes require revision at the stereogenic centre C-7. 相似文献
45.
Nikolaus Seiler Herbert Schneider und Klaus-Dieter Sonnenberg 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1970,252(2-3):127-136
Zusammenfassung Von etwa 80 1-Dimethylamino-naphthalin-5-sulfonyl-(DANS-)Derivaten biogener Amine und verwandter Verbindungen mit unterschiedlichen strukturellen Elementen wurden die durch Elektronenstoß induzierten Fragmentierungen untersucht. Die Prinzipien dieser Fragmentierungen und die Brauchbarkeit der Massenspektrometrie bei niedrigem Auflösungsvermögen für die Identifizierung dünnschicht-chromatographisch getrennter DANS-Derivate biogener Amine aus Gewebsextrakten werden diskutiert.
Mass spectrometric identification of biogenic amines as 1-dimethylamino-naphthalene-5-sulphonyl derivatives
The fragmentation by electron impact of approximately 80 1-dimethylamino-naphthalene-5-sulphonyl (DANS) derivatives of biogenic amines and related substances of different structural features has been studied. The principles of these fragmentations and the suitability of low resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of thin-layer chromatographically separated DANS-derivatives of biogenic amines from tissue extracts are discussed.相似文献
46.
Nikolaus Rott Gerassimos Zouzoulas 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》1976,27(2):197-224
Summary The problem of thermally driven acoustic oscillations is treated for tubes with variable cross-section, with particular emphasis on the possible reduction of the necessary temperature ratio for excitation. Tubes with optimal conditions in the vicinity of the temperature jump, and with big cross-sections in parts with constant temperature are found to give the best performance in this respect. Included in the family of devices which were treated is the classical Sondhauss-tube. Experiments which give a striking confirmation of the theory are reported.
Zusammenfassung Das Problem der thermisch getriebenen akustischen Schwingungen wird für Rohre mit veränderlichem Querschnitt behandelt, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Frage der Reduktion des für die Anfachung nötigen Temperaturverhältnisses. Rohre, die optimale Radien in der Umgebung des Temperatursprunges haben, und möglichst grosse Querschnitte in Teilen mit konstanter Temperatur aufweisen, erweisen sich am besten in dieser Hinsicht. In der Familier der untersuchten Anordnungen its das klassische Sondhauss-Rohr miteinbezogen. Experimente gaben überzeugende Bestätigung für die verwendeten Theorien.相似文献
47.
48.
49.
J. Nikolaus 《Mathematische Zeitschrift》1968,103(1):30-36
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
50.
A simple device for emission-spectroscopic 15N determination with photoelectric recording is described. The nitrogen is stimulated for light emission in glass tubes between capacitor plates of an oscillator circuit. The frequency is regulated to 13.9 MHz by means of a high frequency generator (DX-60, Heathkit) with an effective power of 15–20 W. The dispersion and detection of the emitted light is performed by a Zeiss Spectrophotometer PMQ II, used with a wave-length scanner and a recorder. 相似文献