Pulsed laser deposition of aluminum-doped ZnO films at 355 nm

Conducting, transparent films of aluminium-doped ZnO (AZO) have been produced at the laser wavelength 355 nm. The most critical property, the electric resistivity, is up to a factor of 8 above that for films produced at shorter wavelengths. In contrast, the transmission of visible light through the films is about 0.9 which is comparable to the transmission through films deposited with short-wavelength lasers. The polycrystalline structure of the films is similar to that of films produced by shorter wavelengths as well. PACS 81.15 Fg; 68.55.-a; 73.61.Le     

Local field theory of the dual string

We develop a (classical) local field theory which contains as a special solution the (classical) dual string recently discussed by Goddard, Goldstone, Rebbi and Thorn. The basic field is a gauge field F_μν(x), and the Lagrangian is given by $\text{(}\text{?1}\text{2α'}\text{)√F}{}^2$. We treat the case of closed strings (corresponding to the Shapiro-Virasoro model) where F_μν can be expressed in terms of potentials A_μ. Quantization of F_μν is briefly discussed, but a more thorough discussion is postponed.     

On the role of combined static hyperfine interactions for the interpretation of in-beam nuclear Larmor-precession measurements

Differential perturbed angular-distribution measurements have been performed for¹⁰⁷Cd and¹⁰⁹Cd in silver hosts. The data have been obtained at various target temperatures with and wthout applied magnetic fields. The theory of static, combined electric and magnetic hyperfine interaction has been applied for comparison of the zero-field quadrupole data and the external field Larmor-precession data.It is concluded that this combined interaction of the external magnetic field and the damage-induced, electric field gradients quantitatively accounts for the observed dependence of Larmor-precession amplitudes on time, temperature and field strength. The significance of the experimental time range for the appearance and thus for the interpretation of this dependence is demonstrated.     

Saturation of gauge-invariant Schwinger-model correlation functions by instantons

We draw some conclusions from the saturation of QED₂ correlation functions by non-quasiclassical instantons.     

Analysis of the ν6(A″2) band of cyclopropane-d6 recorded under high resolution

The parallel band ν₆(A″₂) of C₃D₆ near 2336 cm^?1 has been studied with high resolution (Δν = 0.020 – 0.024 cm^?1) in the infrared. The band has been analyzed using standard techniques and the following parameters have been determined: B″ = 0.461388(20) cm^?1, D″_J = 3.83(17) × 10^?7 cm^?1, ν₀ = 2336.764(2) cm^?1, α^B = (B″ ? B′) = 8.823(12) × 10^?4 cm^?1, β^J = (D″_J ? D′_J) = 0, and α^C = (C″ ? C′) = 4.5(5) × 10^?4 cm^?1.     

The Peierls instability in one-dimensional conductors with arbitrary bandfilling

Mean field calculations of the Peierls instability have been carried out for arbitrary bandfilling both in the case of free electrons as well as for the tightbinding approximation. New expressions for Δ(0) and T_p are derived which change the experimentally derived λ to a more reasonable value. Δ(0)/k_BT_p may differ significantly from the BCS value 1.76 in the tightbinding approximation.     

Surface imaging using diffracted electrons

Refection electron microscopy has been applied for studying single crystal surfaces of noble metals in a conventional electron microscope using diffracted electrons for the imaging. This is equivalent to dark field imaging in transmission electron microscopy. The image contains far more contrast due to deviation from the ideal surface structure than any other surface imaging technique. A resolution of the order of 20 Å has been achieved for directions perpendicular to the incident beam. In directions parallel to the incident beam the resolution is much worse and the magnification is reduced with a factor 15 to 100 because the surface is viewed at the angle of the diffracted beam used for imaging (foreshortening). Nevertheless the achieved resolution is one to two orders of magnitude better than for other surface imaging methods. Since a correspondence can be established between image and diffraction pattern by means of selected area diffraction, the present technique should be very useful in structure analysis of surfaces.     

On the origin of Kaluza’s idea of unification and its relation to earlier work by Thirring

We argue that the starting point of Kaluzas idea of unifying electrodynamics and gravity was the analogy between gravitation and electromagnetism which was pointed out by Einstein and Thirring. It seems that Kaluzas attention was turned to this point by the three papers on the Lense–Thirring effect and the analogy between gravitation and electromagnetism which were published a short time before Kaluzas paper was submitted. We provide here also an English translation of the third of these papers (Phys. Zeits. 19: 204, 1918).     

Cryptobaryonic dark matter

It is proposed that dark matter could consist of compressed collections of atoms (or metallic matter) encapsulated into, for example, 20 cm big pieces of a different phase. The idea is based on the assumption that there exists at least one other phase of the vacuum degenerate with the usual one. Apart from the degeneracy of the phases we only assume standard model physics. The other phase has a Higgs vacuum expectation value appreciably smaller than in the usual electroweak vacuum. The balls making up the dark matter are very difficult to observe directly, but inside dense stars may expand absorbing the star and causing huge explosions (gamma ray bursts). The ratio of dark matter to ordinary matter is expressed as a ratio of nuclear binding energies and predicted to be about 5.