蒙特卡罗计算机模拟应用一例

通过圆周率的计算，说明蒙特卡罗计算机模拟方法的应用过程     

Transport through artificial single-molecule magnets: Spin-pair state sequential tunneling and Kondo effects

The transport properties of an artificial single-molecule magnet based on a CdTe quantum dot doped with a single Mn+2 ion(S=5/2) are investigated by the non-equilibrium Green function method.We consider a minimal model where the Mn-hole exchange coupling is strongly anisotropic so that spin-flip is suppressed and the impurity spin S and a hole spin s entering the quantum dot are coupled into spin pair states with(2S+1) sublevels.In the sequential tunneling regime,the differential conductance exhibits(2S+1) possible peaks,corresponding to resonance tunneling via(2S+1) sublevels.At low temperature,Kondo physics dominates transport and(2S+1) Kondo peaks occur in the local density of states and conductance.These peaks originate from the spin-singlet state formed by the holes in the leads and on the dot via higher-order processes and are related to the parallel and antiparallel spin pair states.     

Metamaterial absorber and extending absorbance bandwidth based on multi-cross resonators

In this paper, we report the design, simulation, and measurements of a broadband metamaterial absorber (MA) based on a periodic array of multi-layer cross-structure resonators. A perfect narrowband MA consists of cross-structure resonator, dielectric substrate, and continuous metal films, and the absorption frequency can be tunable by changing the geometrical parameters based on L-C resonance circuit theory. Furthermore, the absorption band of our design is effectively extended by simply stacking several such structural layers with different geometrical dimensions. Finally, the 4-layer cross-structure MA is only 2 mm, which can achieve a full width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 2 GHz by numerical simulations, and 90 % bandwidth of 1.9 GHz by experiments.     

激光喷丸改善TC6钛合金组织和力学性能

为了使激光冲击强化技术能较好地应用于TC6钛合金的发动机叶片,对TC6钛合金进行试验研究。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等测试技术分析了不同参数下TC6钛合金的微观组织变化,用显微硬度计和残余应力测试仪分别表征表层硬度和残余应力变化,并测试材料冲击后的振动高周疲劳性能。试验结果表明:激光冲击材料后表面组织得到明显细化,随着冲击次数的增加,先后出现了高密度位错、位错胞、亚晶和纳米晶。性能方面,表面硬度在冲击一次即可提高19%,硬度影响深度达到700 m;与此同时表面残余应力最高达到-608.5 MPa,在500 m深度上仍具有-100 MPa左右的应力存在。经三次冲击后,标准疲劳试片的疲劳极限提高近20%。     

大功率半导体激光器阵列热串扰行为

以硬焊料传导制冷,30%填充因子半导体激光器阵列为例,建立了三维有限元模型,对阵列内部各发光单元之间的热串扰行为进行了分析研究。结果表明,当其连续波工作时间大于1.2 ms后,阵列内发光单元之间出现热串扰现象;当次热沉由CuW合金改为铜金刚石复合材料时,阵列内发光单元自热阻和相邻发光单元的串扰热阻降低,有效地降低了各发光单元之间的热串扰行为。保持阵列宽度、发光单元数目及发光单元周期不变,发现随阵列填充因子的增加,器件热阻以指数衰减趋势逐渐降低,而发光单元间的热串扰特性对此变化并不敏感;保持阵列单个发光单元输出功率,发光单元尺寸及阵列宽度不变,增加发光单元个数后,阵列内各发光单元之间热串扰加剧,填充因子越高阵列升温速率越快;但在最初约70 s内,包含不同数目发光单元的阵列最高温度差异仅约0.5 ℃,有利于多发光单元高填充因子器件高功率输出。     

Modeling of mixed liquor inorganic suspended solids and membrane flux at different ratio of SRT to HRT in a submerged membrane bioreactor

In order to investigate the influence of mixed liquor inorganic suspended solids (MLISS) on membrane flux at different ratio of sludge retention time (SRT) to hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), a pilot scale test was conducted for 452 days using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater as influent. SRT/HRT was controlled at 150, 480 and 750, respectively. The experimental results showed that the average values of MLISS were 1271.9, 1664.5 and 6898.8 mg/L at different SRT/HRT, respectively; MLISS were accumulated from 265.5 g/h to 4912.93 g/h, which indicated that SMBR could not steadily operate for a long period without sludge withdrawal. Sludge oxygen utilized rate (SOUR) decreased from 5.115 to 1.292 mgO₂/(gVSS h) and volume oxygen utilized rate (VOUR) increased from 10.84 to 18.13 mgO₂/(L h). Model of membrane flux and MLISS were developed under different temperature and operational pressure by regressions, which were then satisfactorily employed to predict the trend of membrane flux during the experiment.     

不同退火温度下氧化锌薄膜可见发光与n型导电研究

采用脉冲激光沉积法在蓝宝石衬底上制备出可见光发光良好的氧化锌薄膜, 在不同的温度下进行了后退火处理. 随着退火温度的升高, 薄膜的可见光发光发生了显著改变, 载流子浓度、迁移率、电阻率也呈现出一定的变化规律. 结合 X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光谱及霍尔测量, 探讨了本征氧化锌薄膜可见光发光的发射机理, 并分析了其 n型导电的原因. 关键词： 氧化锌薄膜 可见光发光 n型导电     

Influences of flexible defect on the interplay of supercoiling and knotting of circular DNA

Knots are discovered in biophysical systems, such as DNA and proteins. Knotted portions in knotted DNA are significantly bent and their corresponding bending angles are comparable with or larger than the sharp bending angle resulting in flexible defects. The role of flexible defects in the interplay of supercoiling and knotting of circular DNA were predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation. In knotted DNA with a particular knot type, a flexible defect noticeably enhances the supercoiling of the knotted DNA and the decreasing excitation energy makes the knotted portion more compact. A reduction in twist rigidity and unwinding of flexible defects are incorporated into the numerical simulations, so that interplay of supercoiling and knotting of circular DNA is studied under torsional conditions. Increasing unwinding not only results in a wider linking number distribution, but also leads to a drift of the distribution to lower values. A flexible defect has obvious effects on knotting probability. The summation of equilibrium distribution probability for nontrivial knotted DNA with different contour length does not change with excitation energy monotonically and has a maximum at an intermediate value of excitation energy around 5 kBT. In the phase space of knot length and gyration radius of knotted DNA, knot length does not anticorrelate with its gyration radius, which is attributed to the flexible defect in the knotted portion, which leads to the release of bending energy and inhibited the competition between entropy and bending energy.     

A mathematical model for identifying an optimal waste management policy under uncertainty

In the municipal solid waste (MSW) management system, there are many uncertainties associated with the coefficients and their impact factors. Uncertainties can be normally presented as both membership functions and probabilistic distributions. This study develops a scenario-based fuzzy-stochastic quadratic programming (SFQP) model for identifying an optimal MSW management policy and for allowing dual uncertainties presented as probability distributions and fuzzy sets being communicated into the optimization process. It can also reflect the dynamics of uncertainties and decision processes under a complete set of scenarios. The developed method is applied to a case study of long-term MSW management and planning. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They are useful for identifying desired waste-flow-allocation plans and making compromises among system cost, satisfaction degree, and constraint-violation risk.     

降雪对地表附近自由空间量子信道的影响及参数仿真

量子通信具有覆盖面广、安全保密的优势,是当前通信领域国内外的研究热点.在自由空间量子通信过程中,光量子信号需要在地表上空一定高度进行传输,因此各种环境因素,例如降雪、沙尘暴、降雨、雾霾、浮尘等,不可避免地会影响量子通信性能.然而,迄今为止,降雪对地表附近自由空间量子信道影响的研究尚未展开.为此,根据降雪的强度,将降雪分...