Logarithmic temperature dependence of the conductivity of the two-dimensional metal

We report on the first observation and studies of a weak delocalizing logarithmic temperature dependence of the conductivity, which causes the conductivity of the 2D metal to increase as T decreases down to 16 mK. The prefactor of the logarithmic dependence is found to decrease gradually with density, to vanish at a critical density n _c , 2∼2×10¹² cm⁻², and then to have the opposite sign at n>n _c ,2. The second critical density sets the upper limit on the existence region of the 2D metal, whereas the conductivity at the critical point, G _c ,2∼120e ²/h, sets an upper (low-temperature) limit on its conductivity. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 6, 497–501 (25 September 1998) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

On lower bounds of moderate large deviations of tests and estimators

New lower bounds for probabilities of large deviations of tests and estimators are proposed. These bounds cover the cases of moderate and Cramér-type large deviations. Bibliography: 12 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 216, 1994, pp. 52–61. Translated by the author.     

Spectrophotometric analysis, thermal analysis and gravimetric determination of some metal ions with oxime and Schiff's base derivatives of N-furoylphenylhydroxylamine

The oxime and Schiff's base of N-furoylphenylhydroxylamine form complexes with Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺. These complexes were studied by means of the UV — Vis. spectra of nujol mulls, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and magnetic susceptibility to determine their stereochemistry. The complexes were characterized via elemental analyses, molar conductivities and thermogravimetric analyses. Organic reagents were used for the gravimetric determination of Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ through the precipitation of their complexes. The compounds were also used for separation of a binary mixture of Cu²⁺ and Cu²⁺. Interferences were studied.     

Investigation of the chemical state of copper in Cu/SiO2 composite films by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The concentration and chemical state of copper in the subsurface region of Cu/SiO₂ composite films obtained by simultaneous magnetron sputtering from two sources (Cu and SiO₂) are determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is established that copper in the as-grown film is primarily in the form of unoxidized atoms dispersed in a SiO₂ matrix. Annealing of the film results in practically no oxidation, but about 70% of the copper atoms condense into metallic clusters with sizes below 10 Å in the subsurface region and about 50 Å in the bulk of the film. The changes in the binding energy of core electrons, and especially in the energies of Auger electrons, are so large in this situation that photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy are efficient methods for monitoring the chemical state of this composite material.     

Formation of a two-dimensional periodic structure of local melting regions on a silicon surface upon pulsed light irradiation

The first results regarding the formation of a two-dimensional periodic structure of local melting regions on a silicon surface upon pulsed light irradiation are presented. The conditions are established, and the mechanism of the formation of such structures is discussed. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 97–99 (December 1997)     

Temperature and field dependences of photo-induced changes in the magnetization in yttrium iron garnet

The changes in the magnetization of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) when irradiated by a pulsed neodymium laser beam with wavelength λ=1.06 μm are investigated. Measurements are performed in the temperature range from 100 K to 600 K in various external magnetic fields. YIG single crystals grown along the crystallographic (100), (110), and (111) directions are chosen so that the external anisotropy of the indicated processes can be determined. Characteristic temperature intervals dominated by different mechanisms of variation of the magnetization under the influence of a laser pulse are discussed. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1263–1266 (July 1997)     

Temperature and frequency dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation times of E′1 centers in neutron-irradiated quartz glass

Results are reported for measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation times of E′₁ centers in quartz glass, produced by neutron irradiation, with the measurements made at two frequencies 9.25 and 24.0 GHz over a wide temperature interval 1.5–300 K. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of interaction mechanisms of the spins with two-level systems with excitation energies ∼6, ∼26, and ∼420 cm⁻¹. A small modification of the existing theory allows us to explain a number of features of the observed temperature and frequency dependence of the relaxation rate. The results are compared with the data available in the literature on spin-lattice relaxation of irradiation centers in crystalline quartz and quartz glass. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1335–1337 (August 1997)     

Experimental studies of microwave amplification in the ion-focusedregime

Studies of microwave amplification with an in-focused electron beam drawn from an induction injector are reported. A free-electron laser (FEL) operating at 9.4 GHz and employing ion-focusing within the interaction region has achieved power in excess of 30 MW at 9.4 GHz, with a beam energy of 0.8 MeV and current of 0.7 kA. Peak gain is 20 dB/m, with no saturation after 15 wiggler periods. Also reported are the first evolution and detuning data for an ion-channel laser/maser (ICL). Two shortcomings of the prematurely halted ICL studies are poor frequency discrimination and a large axial plasma gradient. Prospects for operation with an upgraded 1.6 MeV accelerator are discussed