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21.
Peter Sörös Jonathan Marmurek Fred Tam Nicole Baker W Richard Staines Simon J Graham 《BMC neuroscience》2007,8(1):48
Background
Focal lesions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobe may interfere with tactile working memory and attention. To characterise the neural correlates of intact vibrotactile working memory and attention, functional MRI was conducted in 12 healthy young adults. Participants performed a forced-choice vibrotactile frequency discrimination task, comparing a cue stimulus of fixed frequency to their right thumb with a probe stimulus of identical or higher frequency. To investigate working memory, the time interval between the 2 stimuli was pseudo-randomized (either 2 or 8 s). To investigate selective attention, a distractor stimulus was occasionally presented contralaterally, simultaneous to the probe. 相似文献22.
First-principles calculations are presented for the layered perovskite Ca3Mn2O7. The results reveal a rich set of coupled structural, magnetic, and polar domains in which oxygen octahedron rotations induce ferroelectricity, magnetoelectricity, and weak ferromagnetism. The key point is that the rotation distortion is a combination of two nonpolar modes with different symmetries. We use the term "hybrid" improper ferroelectricity to describe this phenomenon and discuss how control over magnetism is achieved through these functional antiferrodistortive octahedron rotations. 相似文献
23.
Vlastimil Matějec Miroslav Chomát Miloš Hayer Ivan Kašík Daniela Berková Fethi Abdelmalek Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1999,49(5):883-888
The paper summarizes results achieved in the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics in the field of investigation
and fabrication of novel fiber-optic structures for evanescent-wave chemical sensing. Several approaches for increasing the
evanescent-wave sensitivity of multimode silica optical fibers to gaseous and liquid chemicals are shown. These approaches
make use of the decrease of the core diameter in sectorial and capillary sectorial fibers, modification of trajectories of
optical rays in the cores of inverted-graded-index fibers, tailoring of the refractive index of porous layers applied on silica
cores, an output mode filter preventing the detection of rays propagating at low axial angles or fibers bent in single or
multiple turns.
Presented at the 1st Czech-Chinese Workshop “Advanced Materials for Optoelectronics”, Prague, Czech Republic, June 13–17,
1998.
This work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (projects No. 102/96/0939 and No. 102/98/1358) and by joint
project No. 4104 of AS CR and CNRS, France. 相似文献
24.
25.
Nicole M. Else-Quest Janet S. Hyde Ahalya Hejmadi 《Mathematical Thinking and Learning》2013,15(1):5-35
Mathematics is often thought of as a purely intellectual and unemotional activity. Recently, researchers have begun to question the validity of this approach, arguing that emotions and cognition are intertwined. The emotions expressed during mathematics work may be linked to mathematics achievement. We used behavioral measures to identify the emotions expressed by U.S. mothers and their 11-year-old children while solving pre-algebra tasks in the home. The most notable positive emotions displayed by mothers and children included positive interest, affection, joy, and pride, whereas the most notable negative emotions expressed included tension, frustration, and distress. Reflecting the social aspects of doing homework together, mothers' and children's emotions were highly correlated. Independent of pre-existing differences in knowledge, children's emotions were associated with their performance on a mathematics post-test: tension was linked to poorer performance while positive interest, humor, and pride were linked to better performance. We found no evidence of gender differences in the emotions while working the tasks, although boys responded with more tension following an incorrect solution than did girls. 相似文献
26.
Dzyadevych SV Soldatkin AP El'skaya AV Martelet C Jaffrezic-Renault N 《Analytica chimica acta》2006,568(1-2):248-258
The key theoretical principles of the work on ion-selective field-effect transistor connected with their application in bioanalytical practice, some specifics of modern microtechnologies for their creation, and measurement schemes with set-ups are discussed. The achievements in the creation of enzyme biosensors based on ion-selective field-effect transistors and prospects for their application are described in detail. 相似文献
27.
Biesemans M Martins JC Jurkschat K Pieper N Seemeyer S Willem R 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2004,42(9):776-780
It is demonstrated that long-range nJ(1H,117Sn) coupling constants down to 0.3 Hz, can be accurately quantified from non-linear fitting of the sine modulation of the associated 1H-117Sn correlation cross-peak intensities sampled as a function of the heteronuclear antiphase coherence preparation time in the 1H-117Sn J-HMQC pulse sequence. The contribution of additional, undesired modulations is illustrated and assessed using the product operator formalism, and is traced back to contributions that arise from miss-setting of the wandering 180 degrees pulse angle in the constant time period. The power of the method and its use in the characterization of weak intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions are illustrated by the determination of long-range nJ(1H,117Sn) coupling constants of bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]tin derivatives, [Me2N(CH2)3]2SnR2 (', R = Me; 3, R = Ph; 4, R = t-Bu). By comparing these with the values found for the corresponding bis(4-methylpentyl)tin derivatives, [Me2CH(CH2)3]2SnR2 (2', R = Me; 3', R = Ph), which lack such interactions, the use of long-range coupling constants to detect intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions is evaluated. It is concluded that nJ(1H,117Sn) couplings up to six bonds through an organic carbon chain can be quantified, whether donor-acceptor interactions are present or not. Furthermore, evidence is presented that, when two scalar coupling pathways co-exist, the pathway involving an intramolecular donor-acceptor interaction can have opposite sign, thus decreasing the overall coupling constant to a value smaller than that actually measured in the absence of a donor-acceptor interaction, where only one coupling pathway is active. There is nevertheless clear numerical value discrimination in the series of compounds investigated between long-range couplings in derivatives without weak intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions and those where such interactions can exist. 相似文献
28.
Schmitt-Jansen M Bartels P Adler N Altenburger R 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(4):1389-1396
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is an emerging issue. Several studies observed that the non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac is ubiquitously present in most of the surveyed surface waters, worldwide. Phototransformation
of diclofenac was reported from laboratory assays as well as in natural water systems, raising the question of possible adverse
effects of the phototransformation products of diclofenac to aquatic organisms. In this study the phytotoxicity of diclofenac
exposed to natural sunlight was evaluated using synchronized cultures of the unicellular chlorophyte Scenedesmus vacuolatus. Diclofenac dissolved in ultra-pure water at 50 mg L−1 was exposed to natural midsummer sunlight for a maximum of 145 h. Twice a day subsamples were taken for chromatography and
parallel phytotoxicity assessment. Inhibition of algal reproduction of the initial diclofenac solution was in the mg L−1 range indicating no specific toxicity of diclofenac towards S. vacuolatus. Fast degradation of diclofenac was observed with half lives between 3.3 and 6.4 h during the first and the third day of
exposure, respectively. Phytotoxicity increased after 3.5 h of exposure of diclofenac to sunlight and showed a maximum of
sixfold enhanced toxicity after 53 h of exposure to sunlight. Several phototransformation products were found during the experiment.
The time courses of the relative concentration of three transformation products significantly correlated with enhanced phytotoxicity
during the experiment. This indicates a high toxicity potential of phototransformation products of diclofenac at concentration
levels that may come close to environmental concentrations of residual diclofenac after degradation. We conclude that toxicity
assessment of phototransformation products should be included in the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the environment. 相似文献
29.
Nicole Harmgarth Phil Liebing Liane Hilfert Volker Lorenz Felix Engelhardt Sabine Busse Frank T. Edelmann 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2019,645(17):1101-1109
New homoleptic complexes of selected rare‐earth elements containing the unsymmetrically substituted amidinate ligand [MeC(NEt)(NtBu)]– [= (L)–] were synthesized and fully characterized. Treatment of in situ‐prepared Li(L) ( 1 ) with anhydrous lanthanide(III) chlorides, LnCl3 (Ln = Sc, La, Ce, Ho), afforded three different types of amidinate complexes depending on the ionic radius of the central metal atom. The large La3+ formed the octa‐coordinate DME solvate La(L)3(DME) ( 2 ). Using Ce3+, the octa‐coordinate “ate” complex Li(THF)[Ce(L)4] ( 3 ) was formed. Depending on the crystallization conditions, compound 3 could be crystallized in two modifications differing in the coordination environment around Li. In the case of the smaller Sc3+ and Ho3+ ions, six‐coordinate homoleptic Sc(L)3 ( 4 ) and Ho(L)3 ( 5 ) were isolated. The title compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. With Ln = La and Ce, several by‐products incorporating lithium, chlorine and/or oxygen were also isolated and structurally characterized. 相似文献
30.
Corden VA Duhme-Klair AK Hostachy S Perutz RN Reddig N Becker HC Hammarström L 《Inorganic chemistry》2011,50(3):1105-1115
A heteroditopic ligand H(2)-L consisting of a dihydroxybenzene (catechol)-unit linked via an amide bond to a pyridyl-unit and its methyl-protected precursor Me(2)-L were synthesized, characterized, and their photophysical properties investigated. The three accessible protonation states of the ligand, H(3)-L(+), H(2)-L, and H-L(-), showed distinct (1)H NMR, absorption and emission spectroscopic characteristics that allow pH-sensing. The spectroscopic signatures obtained act as a guide to understand the signaling mechanism of the luminescent pH and molybdate sensor [Re(bpy)(CO)(3)(H(2)-L)](+). It was found that upon deprotonation of the 2-hydroxy group of H(2)-L, a ligand-based absorption band emerges that overlaps with the Re(dπ)→bpy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band of the sensor, reducing the quantum yield for emission on excitation in the 370 nm region. In addition, deprotonation of the catechol-unit leads to quenching of the emission from the Re(dπ)→bpy (3)MLCT state, consistent with photoinduced electron transfer from the electron-rich, deprotonated catecholate to the Re-based luminophore. Finally, reaction of 2 equiv of [Re(bpy)(CO)(3)(H(2)-L)](+) with molybdate was shown to give the zwitterionic Mo(VI) complex [MoO(2){Re(CO)(3)(bpy)(L)}(2)], as confirmed by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure determination revealed that two fully deprotonated sensor molecules are bound via their oxygen-donors to a cis-dioxo-MoO(2) center. 相似文献