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61.
Dr. Heiner Friedrich Dr. Peter M. Frederik Prof. Dr. Gijsbertus de With Dr. Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2010,49(43):7850-7858
The investigation of solution‐borne nanostructures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a frequently used analytical method in materials chemistry. In many cases, the preparation of the TEM sample involves drying and staining steps, and the collection of images leads to the interaction of the specimen with the electron beam. Both aspects call for cautious interpretation of the resulting electron micrographs. Alternatively, a near‐native solvated state can be preserved by cryogenic vitrification and subsequent imaging by low‐dose cryogenic TEM. In this Minireview, we provide a critical analysis of sample preparation, and more importantly, of the acquisition and interpretation of electron micrographs. This overview should provide a framework for the application of (cryo)‐TEM as a powerful and reliable tool for the analysis of colloidal and self‐assembled structures with nanoscopic dimensions. 相似文献
62.
Sijl J Overvelde M Dollet B Garbin V de Jong N Lohse D Versluis M 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2011,129(4):1729-1739
Oscillating phospholipid-coated ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles display a so-called "compression-only" behavior, where it is observed that the bubbles compress efficiently while their expansion is suppressed. Here, a theoretical understanding of the source of this nonlinear behavior is provided through a weakly nonlinear analysis of the shell buckling model proposed by Marmottant et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 3499-3505 (2005)]. It is shown that the radial dynamics of the bubble can be considered as a superposition of a linear response at the fundamental driving frequency and a second-order nonlinear low-frequency response that describes the negative offset of the mean bubble radius. The analytical solution deduced from the weakly nonlinear analysis shows that the compression-only behavior results from a rapid change of the shell elasticity with bubble radius. In addition, the radial dynamics of single phospholipid-coated microbubbles was recorded as a function of both the amplitude and the frequency of the driving pressure pulse. The comparison between the experimental data and the theory shows that the magnitude of compression-only behavior is mainly determined by the initial phospholipids concentration on the bubble surface, which slightly varies from bubble to bubble. 相似文献
63.
64.
Afif Ahmed Radenahmad Nikdalila Rahman Seikh Mohammad Habibur Torino Nico Saqib Muhammad Hossain Shahzad Park Jun-Young Azad Abul Kalam 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2022,26(1):111-120
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Protonic ceramic fuel cells have become extremely interesting due to their high power output at the intermediate temperature range... 相似文献
65.
Samorì P Donners JJ Severin N Otten MB Rabe JP Nolte RJ Sommerdijk NA 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(21):8955-8957
The isolation of single polyelectrolyte chains of water-soluble poly(isocyanodipeptide)s (PICs) bearing carboxylic acid terminated side chains occurring both at surfaces and in solution was accomplished by reducing the intermolecular interactions through complexation with cations or positively charged surfactants.Scanning force microscopy and viscosity analyses revealed that this method allows to tune the conformation of the macromolecule, which is of importance for tailoring the physicochemical properties of the material.This is particularly significant for the use of these polymer chains as seed for biomineralization processes. 相似文献
66.
We compute the analytic expression of the probability distributions FAEX,+ and FAEX,− of the normalized positive and negative AEX (Netherlands) index daily returns r(t). Furthermore, we define the α re-scaled AEX daily index positive returns r(t)α and negative returns (−r(t))α, which we call, after normalization, the α positive fluctuations and α negative fluctuations. We use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test as a method to find the values of α that optimize the data collapse of the histogram of the α fluctuations with the Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton (BHP) probability density function. The optimal parameters that we found are α+=0.46 and α−=0.43. Since the BHP probability density function appears in several other dissimilar phenomena, our result reveals a universal feature of stock exchange markets. 相似文献
67.
Floris P. J. T. Rutjes Henk Hiemstra Hendrik H. Mooiweer W. Nico Speckamp 《Tetrahedron letters》1988,29(52):6975-6978
Acid catalyzed cyclization of methoxymethyl substituted acyclic hydrazides 4 provides cyclic hydrazides 5 in moderate to good yields through the intermediacy of N,N′-di(methoxycarbonyl)hydrazinium intermediates. 相似文献
68.
69.
Stephanie B. A. De Beer Alice GlÄttli Johannes Hutzler Nico P. E. Vermeulen Chris Oostenbrink 《Journal of computational chemistry》2011,32(10):2160-2169
4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is a relevant target in both pharmaceutical and agricultural research. We report on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations on this enzyme, in complex with 12 inhibitors for which experimental affinities were determined. We applied the thermodynamic integration approach and the more efficient one‐step perturbation. Even though simulations seem well converged and both methods show excellent agreement between them, the correlation with the experimental values remains poor. We investigate the effect of slight modifications on the charge distribution of these highly conjugated systems and find that accurate models can be obtained when using improved force field parameters. This study gives insight into the applicability of free energy methods and current limitations in force field parameterization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2011 相似文献