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71.
Nicholas Crawford 《Journal of statistical physics》2011,142(1):11-42
Consider the classical XY model in a weak random external field pointing along the Y axis with strength ε. We study the behavior of this model as the range of the interaction is varied. We prove that in any dimension d≥2 and for all ε sufficiently small, there is a range L=L(ε) so that whenever the inverse temperature β is larger than some β(ε), there is strong residual ordering along the X direction. 相似文献
72.
Ericsson M Achilles D Barreiro JT Branning D Peters NA Kwiat PG 《Physical review letters》2005,94(5):050401
Geometric phase may enable inherently fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, due to potential decoherence effects, it is important to understand how such phases arise for mixed input states. We report the first experiment to measure mixed-state geometric phases in optics, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and polarization mixed states that are produced in two different ways: decohering pure states with birefringent elements; and producing a nonmaximally entangled state of two photons and tracing over one of them, a form of remote state preparation. 相似文献
73.
Nicholas ErcolaniRichard Montgomery 《Physics letters. A》1993,180(6):402-408
We present a heuristic proof that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) -
in 2 + 1 dimensions has a family of solutions which can be well approximated by a collection of point vortices for a planar incompressible fluid. The novelty of our approach is that we begin with a representation of the NLS as a compressible perturbation of Euler's equations for hydrodynamics. 相似文献
74.
John S. Fletcher Xavier A. Conlan Nicholas P. Lockyer John C. Vickerman 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(19):6513-6516
Atomic depth profiling using secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS, is common in the field micro-electronics; however, the generation of molecular information as a function of sample depth is difficult due to the accumulation of damage both on and beneath the sample surface. The introduction of polyatomic ion beams such as SF5 and C60 have raised the possibility of overcoming this problem as they deposit the majority of their energy in the upper surface of the sample resulting in increased sputter yields but with a complimentary reduction in sub-surface damage accumulation. In this paper we report the depth profile analysis of the bio-polymer polycaprolactone, PCL, using the polyatomic ions and and the monoatomic Au+. Results are compared to recent analysis of a similar sample using . depth profiling of cellulose is also demonstrated, an experiment that has been reported as unsuccessful when attempted with implications for biological analysis are discussed. 相似文献
75.
Dr. Sebastian C. Cosgrove Dr. Matthew P. Thompson Dr. Syed T. Ahmed Dr. Fabio Parmeggiani Prof. Nicholas J. Turner 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(41):18313-18317
The combination of biocatalysis and chemo-catalysis increasingly offers chemists access to more diverse chemical architectures. Here, we describe the combination of a toolbox of chiral-amine-producing biocatalysts with a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, affording a variety of α-chiral aniline derivatives. The use of a surfactant allowed reactions to be performed sequentially in the same flask, preventing the palladium catalyst from being inhibited by the high concentrations of ammonia, salts, or buffers present in the aqueous media in most cases. The methodology was further extended by combining with a dual-enzyme biocatalytic hydrogen-borrowing cascade in one pot to allow for the conversion of a racemic alcohol to a chiral aniline. 相似文献
76.
Dominik Schauenburg Dr. Mohammad Divandari Dr. Kevin Neumann Christoph A. Spiegel Thomas Hackett Yi-Chung Dzeng Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Spencer Prof. Dr. Jeffrey W. Bode 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(34):14764-14771
We report the synthesis of monomers for atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent bearing trifluoroborate iminiums (TIMs), which are quantitatively converted into potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) after polymerization. The resulting KAT-containing polymers are suitable for rapid amide-forming ligations for both post-polymerization modification and polymer conjugation. The polymer conjugation occurs rapidly, even under dilute (micromolar) aqueous conditions at ambient temperatures, thereby enabling the synthesis of a variety of linear and star-shaped block copolymers. In addition, we applied post-polymerization modification to the covalent linking of a photocaged cyclic antibiotic (gramicidin S) to the side chains of the KAT-containing copolymer. Cellular assays revealed that the polymer–antibiotic conjugate is biocompatible and provides efficient light-controlled release of the antibiotic on demand. 相似文献
77.
In this paper, we show that Goodwillie calculus, as applied to functors from stable homotopy to itself, interacts in striking ways with chromatic aspects of the stable category. Localized at a fixed prime p, let T(n) be the telescope of a vn self map of a finite S–module of type n. The Periodicity Theorem of Hopkins and Smith implies that the Bousfield localization functor associated to T(n)* is independent of choices. Goodwillies general theory says that to any homotopy functor F from S–modules to S–modules, there is an associated tower under F, {PdF}, such that FPdF is the universal arrow to a d–excisive functor. Our first main theorem says that PdFPd-1F always admits a homotopy section after localization with respect to T(n)* (and so also after localization with respect to Morava K–theory K(n)*). Thus, after periodic localization, polynomial functors split as the product of their homogeneous factors. This theorem follows from our second main theorem which is equivalent to the following: for any finite group G, the Tate spectrum
is weakly contractible. This strengthens and extends previous theorems of Greenlees–Sadofsky, Hovey–Sadofsky, and Mahowald–Shick. The Periodicity Theorem is used in an essential way in our proof. The connection between the two theorems is via a reformulation of a result of McCarthy on dual calculus. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 55P65, 55N22, 55P60, 55P91 相似文献
78.
Emmanuel Paradis 《Journal of computational and graphical statistics》2013,22(4):935-939
Multidimensional scaling has a wide range of applications when observations are not continuous but it is possible to define a distance (or dissimilarity) among them. However, standard implementations are limited when analyzing very large datasets because they rely on eigendecomposition of the full distance matrix and require very long computing times and large quantities of memory. Here, a new approach is developed based on projection of the observations in a space defined by a subset of the full dataset. The method is easily implemented. A simulation study showed that its performance are satisfactory in different situations and can be run in a short time when the standard method takes a very long time or cannot be run because of memory requirements. 相似文献
79.
In this article the problem of curve following in an illiquid market is addressed. The optimal control is characterised in
terms of the solution to a coupled FBSDE involving jumps via the technique of the stochastic maximum principle. Analysing
this FBSDE, we further show that there are buy and sell regions. In the case of quadratic penalty functions the FBSDE admits
an explicit solution which is determined via the four step scheme. The dependence of the optimal control on the target curve
is studied in detail. 相似文献
80.
Alexander Linke Nicholas E. Wilson 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2011,381(2):612-1221
It was recently proven in Case et al. (2010) [2] that, under mild restrictions, grad-div stabilized Taylor-Hood solutions of Navier-Stokes problems converge to the Scott-Vogelius solution of that same problem. However, even though the analytical rate was only shown to be (where γ is the stabilization parameter), the computational results suggest the rate may be improvable to γ−1. We prove herein the analytical rate is indeed γ−1, and extend the result to other incompressible flow problems including Leray-α and MHD. Numerical results are given that verify the theory. 相似文献