Characteristics of Friedel pairs and diffraction contrast tomography with non‐perpendicular rotation axis

The characteristics of Friedel pairs in diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) are studied in the condition that the rotation axis of the sample is not exactly perpendicular to the incident X‐ray direction. For the rotation axis approximately aligned along the vertical direction, the Friedel pairs close to the horizontal plane are insensitive to the non‐perpendicularity of the rotation axis, and can be used to refine the sample‐to‐detector distance and X‐ray energy, while the Friedel pairs close to the vertical direction are sensitive to the non‐perpendicularity of the rotation axis, and can be used to determine the rotation axis orientation. The correct matching proportion of Friedel pairs decreases with increasing non‐perpendicularity of the rotation axis. A method of data processing considering rotation axis misalignment is proposed, which significantly increases the correct matching and indexing proportions of the diffraction spots. A pure aluminium polycrystalline sample is investigated using DCT at beamline 4W1A of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Based on the analysis of Friedel pairs, the sample‐to‐detector distance and X‐ray energy are refined to be 8.67 mm and 20.04 keV, respectively. The non‐perpendicular angle of the rotation axis is calculated to be 0.10°. With these refined geometric parameters, the matching proportion of the spatial position of diffraction spots is 90.62%. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the sample with 13 grains is realised using the algebraic reconstruction technique. It is demonstrated that the precise correction of the orientation of the sample rotation axis is effective in DCT suffering from rotation axis misalignment, and the higher accuracy in determining the rotation axis is expected to improve the reconstruction precision of grains.     

Real‐Time Atomic‐Scale Visualization of Reversible Copper Surface Activation during the CO Oxidation Reaction

By using in situ aberration‐corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy, for the first time at atomic level, the dynamic evolution of the Cu surface is captured during CO oxidation. Under reaction conditions, the Cu surface is activated, typically involving 2–3 atomic layers with the formation of a reversible metastable phase that only exists during catalytic reactions. The distinctive role of CO and O₂ in the surface activation is revealed, which features CO exposure to lead to surface roughening and consequently formation of low‐coordinated Cu atoms, while O₂ exposure induces a quasi‐crystalline CuOx phase. Supported by DFT calculations, it is shown that crystalline CuOx reversibly transforms into the amorphous phase, acting as an active species to facilitate the interaction of gas reactants and catalyzing CO oxidation.     

基于离散元的杆件断裂全过程数值模拟

杆件的断裂会涉及到大变形、非线性以及不连续等问题,通常的数值计算方法模拟这种复杂力学行为具有局限性。本文基于颗粒离散元法DEM,将接触粘结处的分布式弹簧用梁纤维进行等效,提出了一种适于结构弹塑性分析的DEM纤维梁模型,然后在此基础上构建了构件断裂模拟算法以及纤维破环准则。将该模型应用于悬臂梁结构,模拟了悬臂梁从弹性到弹塑性阶段,再到断裂破坏的全过程,数值模拟得到的结构响应和截面开裂破坏形态均较合理。最后将该方法应用于单层网壳倒塌破坏模拟,并与网壳振动台倒塌试验进行对比,结果表明,数值模拟得到的杆件断裂过程及结构倒塌模式与试验现象一致,验证了该模型的正确性和适用性。     

适用于光突发交换网的可编程光缓存器

提出了两种适用于光突发交换网的可编程光缓存器结构：交叉型和多端口开关型.两种结构都能满足突发包缓存的超长性和可变性的要求,且结构简单紧凑,成本低,可扩展.交叉型缓存器通过指定信号在每个子缓存模块的光纤环中的循环次数即能实现可变时间的延迟.多端口开关型缓存器通过指定信号在两个多端口开关相应端口与所接光纤延迟线组成的光纤环中的循环次数实现可变时间的延迟.仿真结果表明,两种可编程光缓存器都能对光突发包实现ns级指定时间延迟,可用于解决光突发交换网突发包的冲突问题.     

Investigation of the interaction of DNA and neutral red by?uorescence spectroscopic analysis

The binding characteristics of neutral red (NR) with DNA were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry. Chemometrics approach as singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to evaluate the number of spectral species in the drug-DNA binding process, and then the intrinsic binding constant of 1.6 104 in base pairs and the binding site number of 0.97 were obtained from the Scatchard plot.     

Study of Intramolecular Cyclization of N-styryl-oxo-cinnamides (Ⅱ)

lnthepreviouspaper',wereportedtheintramolecularcyclizationsofamide4anditscis-eneisomerinanattempttosynthesizehomoclausenamideandzetaclausenamide2.Inordertostudytherelationshipbetweenthestereochemistryandtheilltramolecularcyclizationofthisseriesofcompounds,theamides5(cis-oxirane,trans-ene)and8(cis-oxirane,cis-ene)wereprepared,andtheirintramolecularcyclizationswerereportedinthispaper.Theamide5withm.p.152.O-l54.O"CwasobtainedfromDarzen'scondensationofcompound3withPhCHOinMeOHatl5-2OoCwithMeO…     

静电纺丝法制备复合纳米材料

经由溶胶-凝胶法过程,应用静电纺丝机原理,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和无机盐(LiMn2O4)为前驱物,制备出了含有LiMn2O4无机组分的复合纳米纤维,为复合无机纳米纤维的制备方式供给了一条新的思路。实验中系统地研究了PVA的浓度对其所形成的纤维描摹特征的影响。PVA水溶液用于纺丝的最好质量分数约为8.0%。在实验过程中,随着PVA质量分数的渐渐增加,其所形成纤维的直径也随之渐渐增大,而溶液的黏度也在逐步增大,这就使得溶剂挥发变得越来越难,小液珠的表面难以构成理想的“泰勒锥”,电压过小,样品溶液无法纺丝,在针头处成水滴状落在针头下方。电压过大则会在纤维丝上呈现念珠形态,阻碍样品电纺时的形貌。实验表明,在施加18kV的高电压,默认机器的其它设定条件下,依托不同质量分数的PVA溶液可制备出三种不同的纤维。     

基于主客体竞争模式的凝血酶适配体传感器的研究

基于β-环糊精(β-CD)主客体竞争模式,构建了开关型凝血酶适配体电化学传感器.将末端修饰了二茂铁(Fc)的核酸适配体通过与β-CD的主客体识别固定在金电极表面,当凝血酶存在时,适配体由原来的直立线状构型变为"G-四链体",远离电极表面,适配体探针的氧化还原电流强度减小,即"Signal-off".利用此效应对凝血酶进行了灵敏检测,结果表明,在5.0×10-13~5.0×10-9 mol/L浓度范围内,凝血酶的浓度与电化学响应信号呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-13 mol/L(3σ).与其它蛋白分子相比,本方法对凝血酶蛋白的检测具有高特异性.本传感器构建简单,再生性好,为生物血清样本中凝血酶的实时高效检测提供了方法.     

Sensitive signal-on fluorescent sensing for copper ions based on the polyethyleneimine-capped silver nanoclusters–cysteine system

In this work, we present a label-free sensor for copper ions. This sensor is composed of silver nanoclusters and cysteine. The fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters was quenched by cysteine, which was recovered in the presence of copper ions. This binding of silver nanoclusters to cysteine promoted agglomeration of silver nanoclusters to yield larger non-fluorescent silver nanoparticles. The presence of copper ions resulted in the oxidation of cysteine to form a disulfide compound, leading to recovery of fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters. The fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters in the presence of cysteine increased with increasing concentration of copper ions in the range of 10–200 nM. The detection limit of this sensor for copper ions was 2.3 nM. The silver nanoclusters–cysteine sensor provides a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive platform for the detection of copper ions.