xMAP-based analysis of three most prevalent staphylococcal toxins in Staphylococcus aureus cultures

Detection of staphylococcal toxins presents a great interest for medical diagnostics. Screening of clinical samples for the presence of several types of staphylococcal toxins using traditional methods—biological tests on animals or cell cultures as well as ELISA—is laborious. Multiplex detection methods would simplify testing. We have designed an xMAP-based assay to detect three staphylococcal toxins—enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)—in cultural supernatants obtained from different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The limits of detection of SEA, SEB, and TSST multiplex detection in S. aureus growth medium were 10, 1,000, and 5 pg/mL, respectively. Fifty-nine samples of S. aureus cultural supernatants were tested with the xMAP assay. The developed assay has proved highly effective detection of the natural toxins in the samples obtained due to bacterial cells cultivation. In prospect, the developed test system can be used in clinical diagnostics and in monitoring of foodstuffs and environmental objects.     

Application of adhesion coats and systems of surface modification during gluing

Technologies of preparation for gluing of surfaces from aluminum, beryllium alloys, porous materials (glass-fiber plastics and heat-protective materials), and technologies of polyimide film, rubber, and fabric gluing are described. It is shown that the application of epoxy primer, phosphatizing (mordant) coat, VK-32-200 and VK-25 phenolic-elastomer adhesives, and adhesive sublayers and primers allows one to preserve the activity of the preliminary treated adherent surface. The modification of polypropylene and polyester fiber surfaces by the coupling agents based on silanes with the aim to improve the nonwoven fabric properties is considered.     

Sorption Selectivity of Palladium(II) by Poly(N-2-Sulfoethylallylamine) under Static and Dynamic Conditions

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - The process of Pd(II) sorption from hydrochloric acid solutions was studied in the pH range of 0.5–5.0 in the presence of Pt(IV) and a number of...     

Enhanced Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber Composites with N-Cetylpyridinium Bromide-Carbon Black

The physical and mechanical properties of nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) composites with N-cetylpyridinium bromide-carbon black (CPB-CB) were investigated. Addition of 5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of CPB-CB into NBR improved the tensile strength by 124%, vulcanization rate by 41%, shore hardness by 15%, and decreased the volumetric wear by 7% compared to those of the base rubber-CB composite.     

Synthesis and Conductivity of Bismuth Molybdates Doped with Antimony and Tin

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry - The possibility of synthesizing oxygen-ion conductors based on bismuth molybdate with antimony and tin substituted to the molybdenum sublattice is studied and...     

(Mg,Ni)Ga2O4 Solid Solution with a Spinel Structure

Doklady Chemistry - The boundaries of Mg1 – xNixGa2O4 solid solutions (0 ≤ х ≤ 0.5) with a spinel structure synthesized by the gel combustion method,...     

Extraction of gold(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions with high-molecular aliphatic alcohols

Experiments on extraction of gold(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions with isomeric aliphatic alcohols containing 6–12 carbon atoms showed that secondary alcohols recover AuCl_4? from acid solutions with higher distribution ratios than primary alcohols do. The best alcohol that can be recommended for the extraction of gold(III) from 3–6 M HCl solutions, taking into account the solubility and extraction ability of alcohols, is 2-octanol. The possibility of efficient stripping of gold(III) from the 2-octanol phase with ammonia or thiourea solutions was demonstrated.     

Kinetics of electrode processes on a bismuth electrode in acid solutions containing thiourea and formamidine disulphide

A study of the mechanism by which bismuth is electrodissolved in an aqueous solution of thiourea on the background of H₂SO₄ demonstrated that, in the thiourea concentration range 0.001 M < c < 0.5 M, a current oscillation is observed in cyclic voltammograms at E ≈ 0.4–0.3 V when the potential is swept from the anodic to the cathodic region. This oscillation is due to the loosening of the passivating film formed in the anodic process. It is shown that thiourea is not oxidized to formamidine disulphide at the bismuth electrode. thiourea and formamidine disulphide have mutually opposite effects on the height of the cathodic peak: the peak current falls with increasing thiourea concentration and grows with increasing formamidine disulphide concentration. According to the results of an X-ray fl uorescence analysis, sulfur is formed on the bismuth electrode upon its prolonged polarization of in a 0.5 M solution of thiourea. An explanation is provided for the experimental facts observed in the study.     

Chitosan-dextran branched copolymers: Synthesis and properties

Chitosan-dextran branched copolymers have been synthesized, and the rheological properties of their aqueous acetic acid solutions have been studied. On the basis of the data of FTIR spectroscopy, the formation of chemical bonds between chitosan and dextran at the nitrogen atom has been confirmed. With the use of dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, the temperatures of relaxation transitions in the resulting branched copolymers have been determined. It is shown that, along with the formation of a branched copolymer, the chemical crosslinking of chitosan macrochains can occur. Mechanical properties of films formed from solutions of the obtained polymers have been studied.     

Phase equilibria and structures of phases in the chitosan—polyvinyl alcohol systems

Russian Chemical Bulletin - Phase equilibria in the mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan were revealed. Structures of the phases were identified. The temperature and concentration...