Erratum to: Comprehensive interrogation of electrochemical reaction and energy conversion of a direct fucose fuel cell

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In this research, we conducted a comprehensive interrogation of a direct fucose fuel cell to maximise the electric power and demonstrated the potential for...     

Critical Exponents of Photoinitiated Gelation at Different Light Intensities

A photo-differential scanning calorimetric (Photo-DSC) technique was used to study the photoinitiated radical polymerization of a 75% epoxy diacrylate (EA) and 25% tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate (TPGDA) mixture with 2-mercaptothioxanthone (TX-SH) as photoinitiator by using different light intensities. Photopolymerization reactions were carried out under identical conditions of temperature and initiator concentration. It was observed that all conversion curves during gelation at various UV light intensities present good sigmoidal behavior as predicted by the percolation model. Observations around the critical time, called the glass transition point (t_g), taken for polymerization to reach the maximum rate (Rp _max) show that the gel fraction exponents β obeyed the universal percolation picture. On the other hand, Rp _max, t _g, and final conversion values were found to be dependent on the UV light intensity.     

Ruthenium N‐heterocyclic–carbene catalyzed diarylation of arene C?H bond

Novel ruthenium‐1,3‐dialkylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene complexes ( 2a–e ) have been prepared and characterized by C, H, N analysis, ¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR. The ortho position of the aromatic ring of pyridyl group substituted aromatic compound was directly arylated with aryl bromides and chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of [RuCl₂(1,3‐dialkylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene)] complexes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polyurethane acrylate-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal dispersions

Polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) have been fabricated based on various structures of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) as well as conventional acrylate polymer, namely poly(1,6-hexanediol diacrylate). For PUA stabilized films, the transmittance spectra of cured films were essentially identical to those of uncured films, with no 'dead' reaction; whereas, using acrylate polymer; reflection greatly decreased upon curing and showed significant 'dead' reaction after the cessations of irradiation. The structure of PUA also had significant effects on the electro-optic performance, and these effects are interpreted in terms of elasticity and interfacial interaction between the polymer and LC.     

Characterization and electrical behavior of polyaniline–poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid/alumina aqueous dispersions in the presence of dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid

Polymer composites containing polyaniline–poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid/alumina (PANI–PNA/Al₂O₃) were synthesized by chemical polymerization of aniline in an aqueous solution containing dispersed PNA/Al₂O₃ in the presence of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) using different wt% of Al₂O₃ (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The structure and morphology of the polymer matrix were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Thermal stability and an amended crystallinity were reasserted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Chemical interaction of Al₂O₃ and PANI was characterized by XPS. The enhancement of the electrical conductivity in the temperature range 293–483 K shows a semiconducting behavior with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR). In addition, the conductivity data are characterized by three different regions with small changing jerks with increasing temperature.     

A New Duality Approach to Solving Concave Vector Maximization Problems

We introduce a special class of monotonic functions with the help of support functions and polar sets, and use it to construct a scalarized problem and its dual for a vector optimization problem. The dual construction allows us to develop a new method for generating weak efficient solutions of a concave vector maximization problem and establish its convergence. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the applicability of the method.     

Efficient method for solving the problems of wave diffraction by scatterers with broken boundaries

The pattern equations method is extended to solving the problems of wave scattering by bodies with piecewise smooth boundaries. The method is based on the reduction of the initial boundary-value problem to an integro-operator equation of the second kind in the scattering pattern of a body. With the use of the series expansion of the scattering pattern in angular spherical harmonics, the problem is ultimately reduced to solving an infinite algebraic system of equations in the expansion coefficients of the scattering pattern. The conditions at which this system can be solved by the method of reduction are formulated. Examples of solving the problems of wave scattering by bodies with impedance boundaries are considered. Essential advantages of the proposed method over other known methods are demonstrated.     

Isomeric yield ratios in the photoproduction of 52m,gMn from natural iron using 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung

The isomeric yield ratios for the ^natFe(γ,xn1p)^52m,gMn reactions have been measured by the activation and the γ-ray spectroscopic methods at 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung energies. The high purity natural iron foils in disc shape were irradiated with uncollimated bremsstrahlung beams of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The induced activities in the irradiated foils were measured by the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry with a calibrated high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. In order to improve the accuracy of the experimental results the necessary corrections were made in the gamma activity measurements and data analysis. The obtained isomeric yield ratios for the ^natFe(γ,xn1p)^52m,gMn reactions at 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung energies are 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.04, and 1.25 ± 0.15, respectively. The present results at 50-, 60-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung energies are the first measurements. We found that the isomeric yield ratio of the ^natFe(γ,xn1p)^52m,gMn reaction depends on the incident bremsstrahlung energy and the mass difference between the product and the target nucleus when we compared the present results with other experimental data at different energies.