Solid codes and the uniform density of fd-domains

By means of further investigation of solid codes,the problem“Is every fd-domain uni- formly dense”proposed by Yuqi Guo,C.M.Reis and G.Thierrin in 1988 is solved in this paper.     

Poly(phenylene vinylene)‐based copolymers containing 3,7‐phenothiazylene and 2,6‐pyridylene chromophores: Fluorescence sensors for acids,metal ions,and oxidation

A novel copolymer, poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐2,6‐pyridylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P3 ), containing N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene and 2,6‐pyridylene chromophores was synthesized to investigate the effect of protonation, metal complexation, and chemical oxidation on its absorption and photoluminescence (PL). Poly(N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) and poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P2 ), consisting of 1,3‐divinylbenzene alternated with N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl and N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene, respectively, were also prepared for comparison. Electrochemical investigations revealed that P3 exhibited lower band gaps (2.34 eV) due to alternating donor and acceptor conjugated units (push–pull structure). The absorption and PL spectral variations of P3 were easily manipulated by protonation, metal chelation, and chemical oxidation. P3 displayed significant bathochromic shifts when protonated with trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform. The complexation of P3 with Fe³⁺ led to a significant absorption change and fluorescence quenching, and this implied the coordination of ferric ions with the 2,6‐pyridylene groups in the backbone. Moreover, both phenothiazylene‐containing P2 and P3 showed conspicuous PL quenching with a slight redshift when oxidized with NOBF₄. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1272–1284, 2004     

四能级原子系统中量子相干增强的Kerr非线性效应的研究

应用密度矩阵方程计算了四能级原子系统中三阶非线性极化率随信号光和探针光频率失谐的变化关系。结果表明，由于量子干涉对信号光强度的敏感性，使四能级原子介质的交叉Kerr非线性作用大大增强，与三能级系统相比，四能级原子介质的Kerr非线性系数可增强两个数量级。     

A projection method for solving incompressible viscous flows on domains with moving boundaries

In this paper, a projection method is presented for solving the flow problems in domains with moving boundaries. In order to track the movement of the domain boundaries, arbitrary‐Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) co‐ordinates are used. The unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on the ALE co‐ordinates are solved by using a projection method developed in this paper. This projection method is based on the Bell's Godunov‐projection method. However, substantial changes are made so that this algorithm is capable of solving the ALE form of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Multi‐block structured grids are used to discretize the flow domains. The grid velocity is not explicitly computed; instead the volume change is used to account for the effect of grid movement. A new method is also proposed to compute the freestream capturing metrics so that the geometric conservation law (GCL) can be satisfied exactly in this algorithm. This projection method is also parallelized so that the state of the art high performance computers can be used to match the computation cost associated with the moving grid calculations. Several test cases are solved to verify the performance of this moving‐grid projection method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis of the rotating viscous flow approaching a solid sphere

A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the flow induced by a sphere moving along the axis of a rotating cylindrical container filled with the viscous fluid. Three‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a finite element method. The objective of this study is to examine the feature of waves generated by the Coriolis force at moderate Rossby numbers and that to what extent the Taylor–Proudman theorem is valid for the viscous rotating flow at small Rossby number and large Reynolds number. Calculations have been undertaken at the Rossby numbers (R_o) of 1 and 0.02 and the Reynolds numbers (R_e) of 200 and 500. When R_o=O(1), inertia waves are exhibited in the rotating flow past a sphere. The effects of the Reynolds number and the ratio of the radius of the sphere and that of the rotating cylinder on the flow structure are examined. When R_o ? 1, as predicted by the Taylor–Proudman theorem for inviscid flow, the so‐called ‘Taylor column’ is also generated in the viscous fluid flow after an evolutionary course of vortical flow structures. The initial evolution and final formation of the ‘Taylor column’ are exhibited. According to the present calculation, it has been verified that major theoretical statement about the rotating flow of the inviscid fluid may still approximately predict the rotating flow structure of the viscous fluid in a certain regime of the Reynolds number. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Linearized and rational approximation method for solving non‐linear Burgers' equation

A new numerical method called linearized and rational approximation method is presented to solve non‐linear evolution equations. The utility of the method is demonstrated for the case of differentiation of functions involving steep gradients. The solution of Burgers' equation is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the technique for the solution of non‐linear evolution equations exhibiting nearly discontinuous solutions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Representation of a Family of Secret Sharing Matroids

Deciding whether a matroid is secret sharing or not is a well-known open problem. In Ng and Walker [6] it was shown that a matroid decomposes into uniform matroids under strong connectivity. The question then becomes as follows: when is a matroid m with N uniform components secret sharing? When N = 1, m corresponds to a uniform matroid and hence is secret sharing. In this paper we show, by constructing a representation using projective geometry, that all connected matroids with two uniform components are secret sharing     

Surface roughness investigation of semi-conductor wafers

Conventionally, surface roughness is predominantly determined through the use of stylus instruments. However, there are certain limitations involved in the method, particularly when a test specimen, such as a silicon wafer, has a smooth mirror-like surface. Hence, it is necessary to explore alternative non-contact techniques. Light scattering has recently been gaining popularity as an optical technique to provide prompt and precise inspection of surface roughness. In this paper, the total integrated scattering (TIS) model is modified to retrieve parameters on surface micro-topography through light scattering. The applicability of the proposed modified TIS model is studied and compared with an atomic force microscope. Experimental results obtained show that the proposed technique is highly accurate for measuring surface roughness in the nanometer range.     

Positron-Lithium Atom and Electron-Lithium Atom Scattering Systems at Intermediate and High Energies

The coupled-channel optical method is used to study positron scattering by atomic lithium at energies ranging from the ionization threshold to 60eV, The present method simultaneously treats the target channels and the positronium （Ps） channels in the coupled-channel method together with the continuum effects via an ab-initio optical potential. Ionization, elastic and inelastic cross sections in target channels, and the total cross section are also reported and compared with other theoretical and experimental data. A comparative study with the corresponding electron-lithium data is also reported.     

Composition of the Canadian Total Force: Issues and Findings for the Air Components

In 1987 the Canadian Department of National Defence enunciated the Total Force concept. The Total Force is comprised of Regular and Reserve components. The intention is to make maximum use of the Reserve to reduce defence expenditures and at the same time to ensure that military capability remains adequate to support national policy objectives. This paper discusses some of the governing parameters that affect the modelling of the composition of the Total Force and analyses the mix of regular and reserve forces. The interplay between the key factors and their marginal costs will be stressed. The models are employed to study two units in the Canadian Forces, a maintenance support unit and a tactical unit with high operational activity cost. The lessons drawn from these studies are highlighted.