Test of bell’s inequality using the one-atom micromaser

We examine a local realist bound in the case of a one-atom micromaser. It is shown that such a bound is violated using a simplified treatment of the micromaser. We consider the effect of dissipation in a proposed experiment with the real micromaser. It is seen that the magnitude of violation of a Bell-type inequality depends significantly on the cavity parameters.     

CHANGES IN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, CATALASE AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITIES OF RABBIT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES: INDUCED BY POSTNATAL MATURATION AND/OR IN VITRO HYPEROXIA

Abstract— The total superoxide dismutase activity of rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) increased twofold during the first postnatal week. This increase in superoxide dismutase activity was primarily mitochondrial and paralleled the increase in the number of mitochondria in these cells which has been previously reported. The superoxide dismutase activity of AM in culture for 18 h was significantly increased by hyperoxia; catalase activity in hyperoxic conditions was slightly adversely affected; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased but not significantly over control values. Hyperoxic cultures beyond 42 h decreased the total number of viable cells and the superoxide dismutase activity expressed per viable cell; the disappearance of catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in this period, however, was more rapid in control alveolar macrophages than those under hyperoxia.     

Comparison of denitrification between Paracoccus sp. and Diaphorobacter sp

Denitrification was compared between Paracoccus sp. and Diaphorobacter sp. in this study, both of which were isolated from activated sludge of a denitrifying reactor. Denitrification of both isolates showed contrasting patterns, where Diaphorobacter sp. showed accumulation of nitrite in the medium while Paracoccus sp. showed no accumulation. The nitrate reduction rate was 1.5 times more than the nitrite reduction in Diaphorobacter sp., as analyzed by the resting state denitrification kinetics. Increasing the nitrate concentration in the medium increased the nitrite accumulation in Diaphorobacter sp., but not in Paracoccus sp., indicating a branched electron transfer during denitrification. Diaphorobacter sp. was unable to denitrify efficiently at high nitrate concentrations from 1 M, but Paracoccus sp. could denitrify even up to 2 M nitrate. Paracoccus sp. was found to be an efficient denitrifier with insignificant amounts of nitrite accumulation, and it could also denitrify high amounts of nitrate up to 2 M. Efficient denitrification without accumulation of intermediates like nitrite is desirable in the removal of high nitrates from wastewaters. Paracoccus sp. is shown to suffice this demand and could be a potential organism to remove high nitrates effectively.     

Construction of minimal cocycles arising from specific differential equations

Blending methods of Topological Dynamics and Control Theory, we develop a new technique to construct compact-Lie-group-valued minimal cocycles arising as fundamental matrix solutions of linear differential equations with recurrent coefficients subject to a given constraint. The precise requirement on the coefficients is that they belong to a specified closed convex subsetS of the Lie algebraL of the Lie group. Our result is proved for a very thin class of cocycles, since the dimension ofS is allowed to be much smaller than that ofL, and the only assumption onS is thatL ₀(S) =L, whereL ₀(S) is the ideal ofL(S) generated by the difference setS − S, andL(S) is the Lie subalgebra ofL generated byS. This covers a number of differential equations arising in Mathematical Physics, and applies in particular to the widely studied example of the Rabi oscillator. Supported in part by a Research Council grant from Rutgers University. Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS92-02554.     

Determination of Atovaquone in Human Plasma by LC-MS-MS and Its Application to a Bioequivalence Study

A sensitive and selective method for the determination of atovaquone in human plasma was developed and validated. The procedure employed the use of an internal standard (chlorothalidone) and a solvent extraction step. Detection was by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. The method showed a linear range from 50 to 2,000 ng mL^?1. The extraction recovery was determined to be 84.91 ± 6.42% (SD), the intra- and inter-day assay accuracy (relative error) was within 7.57% and precision (RSD) was below 6.06%. The method was successfully employed to analyze plasma samples and evaluate the pharmacokinetics of atovaquone in human volunteers.     

Alternative LC–MS–MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Proguanil, Its Active Metabolite in Human Plasma and Application to a Bioequivalence Study

An alternative rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of proguanil (PRO) and cycloguanil (CYC) in human plasma. The analytes were extracted from human plasma by solid phase extraction. Riluzole (RIL) was used as an internal standard for proguanil and cycloguanil. A HyPURITY Advance C18 column provided chromatographic separation of analytes followed by detection with mass spectrometry. The method involves simple isocratic chromatography conditions and mass spectrometric detection in the positive ionization mode using an API-4000 system. The proposed method has been validated with linear range of 1.5–150.0 ng mL^?1 for PRO and 0.5–50.0 ng mL^?1 for CYC. The inter-run and intra-run precision values are within 2.54, 9.19% for PRO and 1.99, 10.69% for CYC at LOQ levels. The overall recoveries for PRO and CYC were 102.52 and 106.72%, respectively. Total elution time was as low as 2.50 min. This validated method was used successfully for analysis of plasma samples from a bioequivalence study.     

On the beam propagation through active media

An analytical iterative procedure has been established to determine the amplitude of a laser beam propagating through an active medium. The treatment is valid for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening, and for arbitrary inhomogeneities of the parameters characterizing the active medium, namely, the refractive index, the small-signal gain and the saturation intensity. After a supplementary approximation, a thin-sheet gain approach is derived from the first iteration. The formalism enables us to provide analytical criteria for evaluating both the accuracy of each iteration and the propagation distances for which the thin-sheet solution can be used. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Greatly attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in aquaporin-4 knockout mice

Background  

The involvement of astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system has been suggested following the identification of AQP4 autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica, an inflammatory demyelinating disease.     

Validated LC-MS/MS method for quantification of agomelatine in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study

An analytical method based on liquid-liquid extraction has been developed and validated for analysis of agomelatine in human plasma. Fluoxetine was used as an internal standard for agomelatine. A Betasil C18 (4.0?×?100?mm, 5?μm) column provided chromatographic separation of analytes followed by detection with mass spectrometry. The method involves simple isocratic chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric detection in the positive ionization mode using an API-4000 system. The proposed method has been validated with linear range of 0.050-8.000?ng/ml for agomelatine. The intra-run and inter-run precision values are within 12.12% and 9.01%, respectively, for agomelatine at the lower limit of quantification level. The overall recovery for agomelatine and fluoxetine was 67.10% and 72.96%, respectively. This validated method was used successfully for analysis of plasma samples from a pharmacokinetic study.