Optical and dielectric studies of solution grown glycinium maleate single crystal

Bulk single crystals of glycinium maleate have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method by optimizing the growth parameters within a period of 15 days. From X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystal was found to crystallize in monoclinic structure (space group C_2/c) with a = 17.866 Å, b = 5.684 Å, c = 17.408 Å and β = 112.65°. Presence of characteristic functional groups was confirmed in FTIR analysis. UV–Vis spectral analysis has revealed the absence of any high absorbance region between the wavelengths ranging from 300 to 900 nm. The optical band gap was calculated and found to be 3.91 eV. The activation energy for conduction at different frequencies was calculated and found to decrease from 0.54 eV to 0.41 eV as frequency increased from 100 Hz to 2 MHz. The dielectric behavior, conduction mechanism and the optical characterization of the glycinium maleate single crystals are being reported for the first time.     

Wheat starch + NaI: a high conducting environment friendly electrolyte system for energy devices

Energy storage devices are the lifeline of today’s society, and hence, researchers are trying to achieve 3Es (economical, environment friendly, and easy to prepare) along with other required technical data. Here, a new wheat starch + NaI system is synthesized which not only have good technical data such as high ionic conductivity (_˜3.61 × 10⁻² S/cm), very low dielectric relaxation time (_˜13.2 μs), and wide electrochemical stability window (_˜2.6 V) but it also satisfies 3Es conditions because it uses starch which is very cheap and abundant biopolymer available in large variety. The approximate cost of preparing 1 cm² of the sample is approximately INR 15. The prepared material is flexible, free standing film which can be easily stretched to 1.9 times to its length, and can be easily twisted up to 90°. The phase angle value approaches to −73° and maintains its value from 10 Hz to 9 kHz frequency range. The ESR value (of sample having thickness 0.48 mm and area 1.21 cm²) is very low (1.10 Ω). Parallel capacitance (C_p) to series capacitance (C_s) ratio is >0.9, and the value is maintained up to a wide frequency range (10 Hz to 10 kHz). Self-resonance frequency (the frequency limit below which energy can be stored efficiently) is also quite high (_˜0.1 MHz) for the present system. Hence, the studied system is a potential candidate for future electrochemical applications.

     

Ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic) acid as complexing agent

Metal derivatives of ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic) acid (EDTMP, H₈L) with some bivalent ions—Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) have been isolated in various stoichiometric ratios from aqueous medium. Electronic spectra indicate them to be six-coordinated. EPR studies of Cu(II) complexes show that they are tetragonally elongated. Magnetic moments of M₄L derivatives are very low due to antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, but the moments go on increasing for M₃Na₂L and M₂Na₄L and are normal for MNa₆L derivatives, due to isolation of paramagnetic centres by diamagnetic sodium ions. IR spectra and thermal stability of the complexes have also been studied.     

Insights into the Explicit Protective Activity of Herbals in Management of Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders

The longstanding progressive neurodegenerative conditions of the central nervous system arise mainly due to deterioration, degradation and eventual neuronal cell loss. As an individual ages, the irreversible neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging also begin to develop, and these have become exceedingly prominent and pose a significant burden mentally, socially and economically on both the individual and their family. These disorders express several symptoms, such as tremors, dystonia, loss of cognitive functions, impairment of motor activity leading to immobility, loss of memory and many more which worsen with time. The treatment employed in management of these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (which mainly involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region), Alzheimer’s disease (which arises due to accumulation of Tau proteins causing diffusive atrophy in the brain), Huntington’s disease (which involves damage of striatal and spinal neurons, etc.), have several adverse effects, leading to exploration of several lead targets and molecules existing in herbal drugs. The current review highlights the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke and depression.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological and In Silico Study of Fluorine‐Containing Quinoline Hybrid Thiosemicarbazide Analogues

A novel series of fluorine‐containing quinoline hybrid thiosemicarbazide analogues ( 8a–8l ) were synthesized and tested for their biological activities. The antibacterial results demonstrated that compounds 8d and 8l [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 62.5 μg/mL] were shown to have higher biological activity than ampicillin against Escherichia coli. Compound 8b (MIC 25 μg/mL) was shown to have the highest activity than was ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. The antifungal results demonstrated that compound 8j (MIC 100 μg/mL) has shown good activity. Most of the targeted compounds have shown potent antimalarial activity. Compounds 8d (0.19 μg/mL), 8g (0.30 μg/mL), 8h (0.36 μg/mL), 8k (0.10 μg/mL), 8l (0.28 μg/mL), 8k (0.10 μg/mL), and 8l (0.28 μg/mL) have notable activity than does the reference drug quinine. Compounds 8d (0.27 μg/mL), 8g (0.30 μg/mL), and 8k (0.17 μg/mL) have shown excellent activity against chloroquine‐resistant strain. The MTT assay performed on peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures showed a high percentage of lymphocyte viability [ 8d (99.64), 8g (99.46), 8h (98.83), and 8k (99.51)] at a maximum dose (10 μg/mL), depicting no cytotoxicity of these compounds on human lymphocytes in vitro. A molecular docking study was performed on Pf‐DHFR‐TS inhibitor. A molecular dynamics study has shown compound 8g to have better affinity with protein. ADME‐Tox and pharmacophore study of synthesized compounds suggested prediction of active site.     

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)–Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: An Efficient Catalyst for Green Organic Synthesis

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) consist of two or more synthetic steps carried out without isolation of any intermediate, which reduces time and saves money, energy, and raw materials. The development of MCRs in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is an efficient approach that meets with requirements of sustainable chemistry. The aim of this review is to highlight the interactive effect of the combined use of MCRs and CAN for the development of new ecofavorable methodologies for synthetic organic chemistry. There are many advantages to the use of CAN as a catalyst in organic synthesis, including the very small amount of this catalyst needed to complete reactions in most cases, lower costs, ecofriendly nature, ease of handling, nontoxicity, and high reactivity.     

Differential pulse polarographic determination of procymidone in formulations and wine

The dicarboximide fungicide procymidone was studied systematically by using direct current polarography, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse polarography (DPP), controlled potential electrolysis, and millicoulometry in the universal buffer medium with dimethylformamide as the solvent. Procymidone exhibited a single well-defined polarographic wave in the pH range 2.0-6.0, leading to the formation of the hydroxy compound. The overall reduction process was diffusion-controlled and adsorption-free. The variation of half-wave potential with pH, the concentration of the analyte, and other experimental conditions are described. The reduction mechanism proposed is an overall 4-electron process, in which the dicarboximide group is reduced. DPP was used to determine procymidone in agricultural formulations and wine at the optimum conditions found; a detection limit of 2.4 x 10(-9) M was estimated. The results obtained by the proposed method were also compared with those obtained by other methods.     

Hyperelliptic curves and values of Gaussian hypergeometric series

We express the number of ${\mathbb{F}_q}$ -points on the hyperelliptic curve ${\alpha{y}^2=\beta{x}^f + \gamma}$ in terms of Gaussian hypergeometric series. We also find some special values of ${{_{2}}F_1}$ -Gaussian hypergeometric series containing characters of order 3 and 4 as parameters.     

Review of Synthesis of Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds from Isatin

Isatin is an essential building block in organic synthesis and shows various biological activities. The most attractive application of isatin in organic synthesis is undoubtedly in the highly reactive C-3 carbonyl group, which is a prochiral center as well. The construction of a spiroheterocyclic framework has always been a challenging endeavor for synthetic organic chemists as it frequently requires synthetic design based on specific strategies. This review gives a short summary of the advances in the use of isatin in the synthesis of various spiroheterocyclic compounds through multicomponent reactions and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.     

Effect of 100 keV N+ ion irradiation on the organic single crystal of hippuric acid for nonlinear optical applications

The potential organic nonlinear optical material of hippuric acid (HA) single crystal has been grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique using N, N-dimethylformamide as the solvent. Single crystals of pure HA were irradiated at room temperature with 100 keV Nitrogen (N⁺) ions at fluence 1×10¹⁶ and 5×10¹⁶ ions/cm². The pure and irradiated HA single crystals were characterized by different characterization technique. The photoluminescence and UV–visible absorption were performed at room temperature. The crystalline perfection of the pure and irradiated single crystals has been examined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Vickers microhardness technique was used to study the effect on the mechanical strength of the crystal at different ion fluences. The structural changes were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional groups of the synthesized compound have been identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of frequency were analyzed at room temperature.