Nanoflow system for perfect regiocontrol in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide using lowest concentration of a fluorous lanthanide catalyst

The scandium bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)amide-catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger reaction significantly increased the regioselectivity as well as the reaction rate by nanoflow system continuously controlled by a nanofeeder even in the lowest concentration of the catalyst (?0.1 mol %). The Baeyer-Villiger reaction completed within few seconds as a contact time in the microcell to afford the lactone products high regioselectively without hydrolysis.     

Synthesis of monodisperse and high moment nickel–iron (NiFe) nanoparticles using modified polyol process

Monodisperse NiFe nanoparticles with different compositions have been successfully synthesized by surfactant free simple modified polyol method. In the process, polyethylene glycol was used as a solvent media and it has been found to play a key role to act as a reducing agent as well as a stabilizer simultaneously. XRD, TEM, and EDS analysis techniques were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. TEM images displayed formation of a thin oxide layer around the nanoparticles, and confirmed by detection of some oxygen element using EDS measurement. The magnetic properties of the synthesized NiFe NPs samples were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization value was found to be iron content dependent.     

Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis

Using direct N-terminal analysis, only 31 N-terminally unblocked proteins out of 100 rice embryo proteins could be identified. To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins, we developed a simple, efficient and rapid method. Using this method, we determined the peptide maps of 20 proteins per day in 10 pmol amounts. Applying this method to rice proteome analysis, we determined the internal sequences of all 69 blocked proteins. A total of 28 proteins out of 100 analyzed showed sequence similarity to the proteins with known functions in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI databases. Alternatively, we also used peptide mass fingerprinting determined by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to identify the rice proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Although peptide-mass fingerprinting is a high-throughput method, we could not easily identify all the rice proteins or genes by this method, because the complete database information on rice, is not yet available and many proteins are post-translationally modified. Therefore, at present, the improved peptide mapping method as we report here is considered to be very useful in rice proteome analysis, especially for blocked proteins.     

Adsorption and micellar properties of a mixed system of nonionic-nonionic surfactants

We study the surface adsorption and bulk micellization of a mixed system of two nonionic surfactants, namely, ethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E1) and tetraethylene glycol mono-n-tetradecyl ether (C14E4), at different mixing ratios at 15 degrees C. The pure C14E4 monolayer cannot show any indicative features of phase transition because of both hydration-induced and dipolar repulsive interactions between the bulky head groups. On the other hand, the monolayers of pure C12E1 and its mixture with C14E4 undergo a first-order phase transition, showing a variety of surface patterns in the coexistence region between the liquid expanded (LE) and liquid condensed (LC) phases under the same experimental conditions. For pure C12E1, the domains are of a fingering pattern while those for the C12E1/C14E4 mixed system are found to be compact circular and small irregular structures at 2:1 and 1:1 molar ratios, respectively. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of both the pure and the mixed systems were measured to understand the micellar behavior of the surfactants in the mixture. The cmc values of the mixed system were also calculated assuming ideal behavior of the surfactants in the mixture. The experimental and calculated values are found to be very close to each other, suggesting an almost ideal nature of mixing. The interaction parameters for mixed monolayer and micelle formation were calculated to understand the mutual behavior of the surfactants in the mixture. It is observed that the interaction parameters for mixed monolayer formation are more negative than those of micelle formation, indicating a stronger interaction between the surfactants during monolayer formation. It is concluded that since both the surfactants bear EO units in their head groups, structural parity and hydrogen bonding between the surfactants allow them to be closely packed during monolayer and micelle formation.     

Selective Separation of Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide from Other Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of cationic and nonionic surfactants has been performed on soil, silica gel, alumina, and...     

Stereocontrolled functionalization of cyclohexene using organomolybdenum chemistry

Cyclohexadiene-Mo(CO)₂Cp cations react stereospecifically with stabilised enolate nucleophiles to give π-allyl complexes which are converted to substituted allylic iodides on treatment with iodine.     

Synthesis of a stable,foamable, gold-containing organic carboxylate polymer

The functionalized polyethylene acrylic acid copolymers Primacor 1430 (P1430, containing 9.5% acrylic acid) and Primacor 5980 (P5980, containing 20% acrylic acid) have been used to synthesize gold/polymer dispersions and gold/polymer ionomers, respectively. When [Ph₃PAu]⁺ is bonded directly to the carboxylate, work-up of the polymer leads to decarboxyation and metallic gold formation. However, ionic bonding of [(Ph₃P)₂Au]⁺, and related bis phosphine cations produce workable, foamable polymers. Analysis shows samples from these reactions to contain between 4–15 wt % of Au depending on the type of gold complex used and the reaction conditions. The gold/polymer (ionomer) sample with about 12% Au has been worked to mold sheets of foam. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Assessment of Bhatiari Lake water quality: Pollution indices,hydrochemical signatures and hydro-statistical analysis

This study aimed at evaluating the water quality of Bhatiari Lake (BL) for the first time based on water quality parameters, pollution indices, hydrochemical signatures and hydro-statistical analysis. Lake water samples were collected from the lake during April–May 2019 and wide ranges of parameters were considered for the investigation. Except for COD and Fe, all the parameters were within the permissible limit. COD crossed Bangladesh standards and testing institution (BSTI) and United States environmental protection agency (USEPA) standards. In contrast, Fe crossed World health organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and USEPA standards. Hydrochemical analysis indicated the water as soft-fresh where near neutral low-metal was noticed from the Ficklin-Caboi diagram. Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-HCO₃^- type water was confirmed from Piper and Chadha diagram, whereas Durov and Schoeller's diagram were indicated the influence of Mg²⁺-HCO₃^-. The trend of cations and anions were Ca²⁺> Mg²⁺> Na⁺>K⁺ and HCO₃^? > Cl^? > NO₃^? > SO₄^2? > PO₄^3? as stated by pie chart. Most precipitation dominant water was confirmed from the Gibbs diagram. Principal component analysis (PCA), Cluster analysis (CA) and Correlation matrix (CM) indicated the co-existence of geogenic and anthropogenic sources for pollution. Good water quality was observed via an integrated approach namely degree of contamination (C_d), Single-Factor Pollution Index (SPI), Comprehensive pollution index (CPI), Heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), Nemerow's pollution index (NPI) and Ecological risk index (ERI). In addition, water quality index (WQI) remarked the water is excellent. Taken collectively, the present study indicates the BL water can be considered pollution-free.     

Pattern recognition in hyperspectral imagery using one-dimensional shifted phase-encoded joint transform correlation

Pattern recognition in hyperspectral imagery is a challenging issue because of the high false alarm rate and computation complexity. In this paper, a one-dimensional shifted phase-encoded fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (SPFJTC) technique is developed for hyperspectral image processing system. The proposed technique processes the reference spectral signature using a random phase mask and correlates it with the spectral signature corresponding to each pixel of the unknown input hyperspectral image cube using a simple architecture. This technique generates very high discrimination between the object of interest and background clutter. Computer simulation results using real life hyperspectral imagery show that the proposed SPFJTC technique can effectively recognize the objects of interest while alleviating the effects of false alarms and other artifacts.