Intake charge temperature effect on performance characteristics of direct injection low-temperature combustion engines

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The low-temperature combustion (LTC) concept presents solutions for simultaneous reduction in pollution and fuel consumption of internal combustion...     

Expansiveness,hyperbolicity and Hausdorff dimension

We show that there exists a simple upper bound on the dimension of a hyperbolic compact set of a dynamical system in terms of topological entropy and a uniform contraction rate on the stable and unstable manifolds. This allows us to give proofs of several apparently unrelated theorems.     

Topical propolis improves wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized controlled trial

In this randomized controlled trial, diabetic patients with foot ulcers (Wagner grades 1 and 2) were randomly assigned to conventional therapies for diabetic foot ulcer plus topical propolis ointment (5%; twice daily) or conventional therapies alone. The process of ulcer healing was observed during 4 weeks and compared between the two groups regarding the size, erythema, exudates, white blood cell (WBC) count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The process of ulcer size reduction during the four-week period of study was significantly different between the groups. However, this difference was not significant between the third and fourth weeks. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding erythema and exudate reduction as well as WBC count and ESR. Administration of topical propolis ointment in addition to the conventional treatments of diabetic foot ulcer could reduce the size of ulcers with Wagner grades 1 and 2.     

New silica hybrids elaborated by sol-gel process from bifunctional thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole precursors

New hybrid materials were synthesized from an inorganic precursor, (tetraethoxysilane: TEOS) and bifunctional organic precursors through the sol-gel process. Indeed, monolithic and transparent hybrid gels were obtained by the reaction of tetraethoxysilicate (TEOS) with 1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diamine (1), 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (2), and 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (3) in ethanol as solvent, using chloric acid (HCl 10^?1M) as catalyst. It is shown that TEOS has been cross-linked with bi-functional heterocyclic compounds: (1), (2) and (3) leading to the formation of transparent and colorous gels. The characterization was realized by infrared, ²⁹Si and ¹³C CP MAS NMR. The xerogels morphology and texture were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer – Emmet – Teller method (BET). The obtained results show that organic adducts (1), (2) and (3) react with TEOS leading to gels in which Si–N and Si–S bridges were formed. According to N₂-physisorption results, xerogels are mesoporous with specific surface area varied from 105 to 312 m²g^?1 and their isotherms are classified as type IV. The optic and magnetic properties of hybrids were studied respectively by UV-Vis spectroscopy and RPE. This study showed that all materials are paramagnetic semiconductors.     

Some bounds for the annihilators of local cohomology and Ext modules

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal - Let $$\mathfrak{a}$$ be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring R and t be a nonnegative integer. Let M and N be two finitely generated R-modules. In certain...     

A hydrogen-sensitive analysis of the structure of deuterated liquid formamide

Structural investigations of deuterated liquid formamide were performed by using neutron scattering, ab-initio calculations and classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The recorded neutron data are analysed to yield the total structure factor S_M (Q), the molecular form factor F (Q), the distinct pair correlation function g_L(r) and particularly the deuterium-oxygen signature of H-bond interactions. Neutron scattering data, as well as recent x-ray studies, clearly show that the local order of the liquid is largely described by one dimer, two trimers and one tetramer. Molecular Dynamics simulations show that neutron scattering data can be reproduced by three different force fields.     

An MCl inf4 p2− moiety (M = copper,zinc, cadmium and mercury) stabilized by bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) cation

Summary New ionic bimetallic complexes of the type [Cu(en)₂]-[MCl₄], where M = Cu^II, Zn^II, Cd^II and Hg^II, were prepared by reacting bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) dichloride (1 mol) with copper, zinc, cadmium and mercury dichlorides (1 mol) in absolute alcohol. Elemental analyses, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and spectroscopic data (such as i.r., u.v.-vis. and e.p.r.) confirm that the compounds are 22 electrolytes in MeOH and that the copper(II) ion is paramagnetic, maintaining its square-planar geometry, while metal ions in the anionic moiety of the complexes achieve their usual tetrahedral environment. An augmented magnetic moment has been observed in the [Cu(en)₂] [CuCl₄] complex, which is attributed to the ferromagnetic effect and TIP.Author to whom all correspondence should be directed.     

1H NMR based metabolic profiling in Crohn's disease by random forest methodology

The present study was designed to search for metabolic biomarkers and their correlation with serum zinc in Crohn's disease patients. Crohn's disease (CD) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and can be difficult to diagnose using the clinical tests. Thus, introduction of a novel diagnostic method would be a major step towards CD treatment. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) was employed for metabolic profiling to find out which metabolites in the serum have meaningful significance in the diagnosis of CD. CD and healthy subjects were correctly classified using random forest methodology. The classification model for the external test set showed a 94% correct classification of CD and healthy subjects. The present study suggests Valine and Isoleucine as differentiating metabolites for CD diagnosis. These metabolites can be used for screening of risky samples at the early stages of CD diagnoses. Moreover, a robust random forest regression model with good prediction outcomes was developed for correlating serum zinc level and metabolite concentrations. The regression model showed the correlation (R²) and root mean square error values of 0.83 and 6.44, respectively. This model suggests valuable clues for understanding the mechanism of zinc deficiency in CD patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.