Microswimmers – From Single Particle Motion to Collective Behavior

Locomotion of autonomous microswimmers is a fascinating field at the cutting edge of science. It combines the biophysics of self-propulsion via motor proteins, artificial propulsion mechanisms, swimming strategies at low Reynolds numbers, the hydrodynamic interaction of swimmers, and the collective motion and synchronisation of large numbers of agents. The articles of this Special Issue are based on the lecture notes of an international summer school, which was organized by the DFG Priority Programme 1726 “Microswimmers – From Single Particle Motion to Collective Behaviour” in the fall of 2015. The minireviews provide a broad overview of the field, covering both elementary and advanced material, as well as selected areas from current research.     

Interaction of Donors with Electron Deficient Low-Coordinated Phosphorus Compounds

Mono-and bis-donor-acceptor formation (donor=AH₃, Y = N, P, As, Sb, Bi and AH₂, O, S, Se, Te) is discussed on the basis of quantum chemical (ab initio) calculations for π-bonded low-coordinated phosphorus cations, evaluating new types of bis-donor adducts.     

复杂换热网络MINLP中的非线性特性分析

针对复杂换热网络MINLP问题,本文应用多维函数渐变法探索和分析了连续变量和整型变量引起的网络性能非线性和非凸特性。研究表明,当系统规模增大时,不但连续变量的叠加效应将增加系统的非线性,整型变量将使得非线性特性更为严重。     

SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF 1,1-DI(ALKYLTHIO) ALKANES

Abstract

By interaction of mono- and dicarboil compounds with alkyl and arilmecaptances symmetric and and 1,1 - di(alkylthio) alkanes were synthesized. Reactions of these compounds with linear and cyclic scetals in the presence of mineral acids and cation- exchanged resins were studied. The main products are corresponding 1, alkylthioalkoxialkenes and 1,1-dialkoxialkanes. Kinetic investigations showed that the stage determiniung the process velocity is splitting of acetal group.     

The Preparation of 1H-Pyrazole-5-propanoic and 1H-Pyrazole-5-butanoic Acids from Dilithiated C(α),N-Carboalkoxyhydrazones and Succinic or Glutaric Acid Anhydrides

C(α),N-Carboalkoxyhydrazones were dilithiated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, condensed with succinic or glutaric acid anhydride, and cyclized to 1H-pyrazole-5-propanoic or 1H-pyrazole-5-butanoic acids.     

Holographic polymer materials with diffusion development: Principles, arrangement, investigation, and applications

We present a review of information that has been published in the scientific literature on the mechanism of formation (development, enhancement) of holograms at the expense of the photochemical attachment of phenanthrenequinone molecules and other compounds to polymer chains and diffusion mixing of unreacted molecules, on different types of light-sensitive materials that realize this mechanism, on the application of these materials to create volume holographic elements, on recording of information, and for research purposes.     

Fingerprint image enhancement using data driven Directional Filter Bank

A new method based upon data driven tool, principal component analysis (PCA), for fingerprint enhancement is proposed in this paper. PCA is a very useful statistical technique that has found application in many different fields like image compression, face recognition and is commonly used for finding patterns in data of high dimension. In the proposed method, the input image is first decomposed into directional images using decimation free Directional Filter Bank (DDFB). Then these directional images are normalized. A data driven technique PCA is applied to these normalized directional fingerprint images, which gives the PCA filtered images. These are basically directional images. Then these directional images are reconstructed into one image which is the enhanced one. Simulation results are included illustrating the capability of the proposed method.