Multiplicity distribution inK + Al andK + Au collisions at 250 GeV/c and a test of the multiple collision model

Multiplicity distributions, observed inK ⁺ interactions with Al and Au nuclei at 250 GeV/c incident momentum are presented. They are analyzed in the framework of multiple collisions of the incident particle inside a nucleus. The probability distribution of the number of grey tracks is well described by the model of Andersson et al., if a negative binomial distribution is assumed for the distribution of the number of grey protons produced per elementary collision instead of the usual geometrical distribution. The analysis of the average and dispersion of the charge multiplicity distribution supports the validity of the multiple collision model, including results on correlations between forward and backward multiplicities.     

Everywhere H?lder continuity of the spatial gradient of weak solutions to nonlinear parabolic systems

We consider weak solutions to the parabolic system ∂u ⁱ∂t−D _α A _i ^α (∇u)=B _i(∇u) in (i=1,...,) (Q=Ω×(0,T), R ⁿ a domain), where the functionsB _i may have a quadratic growth. Under the assumptionsn≤2 and ∇u ɛL _loc ^4+δ (Q; R ^nN ) (δ>0) we prove that ∇u is locally H?lder continuous inQ.     

Biotechnological Production of 20-alpha-Dihydrodydrogesterone at Pilot Scale

The human sex hormone progesterone plays an essential and complex role in a number of physiological processes. Progesterone deficiency is associated with menstrual disorders and infertility as well as premature birth and abortion. For progesterone replacement therapy, the synthetic progestogen dydrogesterone is commonly used. In the body, this drug is metabolized to 20α-dihydrodydrogesterone (20α-DHD), which also shows extensive pharmacological effects and hence could act as a therapeutic agent itself. In this study, we describe an efficient biotechnological production procedure for 20α-DHD that employs the stereo- and regioselective reduction of dydrogesterone in a whole-cell biotransformation process based on recombinant fission yeast cells expressing the human enzyme AKR1C1 (20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 20α-HSD). In a fed-batch fermentation at pilot scale (70 L) with a genetically improved production strain and under optimized reaction conditions, an average 20α-DHD production rate of 190 μM day⁻¹ was determined for a total biotransformation time of 136 h. Combined with an effective and reliable downstream processing, a continuous production rate of 12.3 ± 1.4 g 20α-DHD per week and fermenter was achieved. We thus established an AKR-dependent whole-cell biotransformation process that can also be used for the production of other AKR1C1 substrates (as exemplarily shown by the production of 20α-dihydroprogesterone in gram scale) and is in principle suited for the production of further human AKR metabolites at industrial scale.     

Evaluation of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for characterizing different virus strains

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a highly sensitive spectroscopic technique which combines the advantages of optical spectroscopy with the requirements needed for the characterization of biological nano-structures. In this study, TERS was used to investigate the applicability of this spectroscopic technique for the detection of different virus strains like avipoxvirus and adeno-associated virus. TERS spectra obtained from different particles of the same virus strain show variations in relative peak intensities and positions of most spectral features observed. These spectral variations were higher for the larger avipoxvirus particles (?≈350 nm) than for the smaller adeno-associated virus particles (?≈26 nm).     

Detection of viral nucleoprotein binding to anti-influenza aptamers via SERS

A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman (SERS)-based method for detection of influenza viral nucleoproteins is described. The intrinsic SERS spectrum of the aptamer-nucleoprotein complex provides direct evidence of binding between a polyvalent anti-influenza aptamer and the nucleoproteins of three influenza strains.     

Strukturen von neuen Bis(pentafluorophenyl)halogenomercuraten [{Hg(C6F5)2}3(μ‐X)]— (X = Cl,Br, I)

Structures of New Bis(pentafluorophenyl)halogeno Mercurates [{Hg(C₆F₅)₂}₃(μ‐X)]^— (X = Cl, Br, I) From the reactions of [PNP]Cl or [PPh₄]Y (Y = Br, I) with Hg(C₆F₅)₂ crystals of the composition [Cat][{Hg(C₆F₅)₂}₃X] (Cat = PNP, X = Cl ( 1 ); Cat = PPh₄, X = Br ( 2 ), I ( 3 )) are formed. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯, 2 and 3 crystallize isotypically in the monoclinic space group C2/c. In the crystals the halide anions are surrounded by three Hg(C₆F₅)₂ molecules. The reaction of [PPh₄]Br with Hg(C₆F₅)₂ under slightly changed conditions gives the compound [PPh₄]₂[{Hg(C₆F₅)₂}₃(μ‐Br)][{Hg(C₆F₅)₂}₂(μ‐Br)] ( 4 ).     

Quantitative Spurenbestimmung von Pentachlornitrobenzol, Pentachloranilin und Hexachlorbenzol in Radieschenextrakten mit Hilfe der Kombination Gas-Chromatographie/NCI-Massenspectrometrie

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Determination of traces of pentachloronitrobenzene, pentachloroaniline and hexachlorobenzene in radish extracts by the combination GC/NCI-Mass spectrometry

     

Temperature dependence studies of the electric field gradient at cadmium impurities in heavy rare earth metals

Several of the rare earth metals (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) containing¹¹¹Cd impurities have been studied by the method of time differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC) to study electric field gradients. Experiments have been made over a temperature range in which no magnetic interactions are expected. We have observed general correlation patterns whose shapes are temperature dependent. We suggest this provides evidence of a reversible temperature dependent strain or distortion near the impurity atom.Supported in part by the US Energy and Research Development Administration under grant #E(11-1)-2184.