Korrosion

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Evaluation of Vanadium(IV) as a Non-radioactive Surrogate for Technetium(IV) by Comparison of Stability Constants for Polyamino Polycarboxylate Ligand Complexation

The stability constants for the Tc(IV) and V(IV) complexation with the polyamino polycarboxylate ligands IDA, NTA, HEDTA and DTPA were determined using liquid–liquid extraction techniques. These stability constants were then used to evaluate the validity of using V(IV) as a chemical analogue for Tc(IV). Results suggest that Tc(IV), as TcOOH⁺, will form β _1?11 complexes with the selected ligands, while V(IV), as VO²⁺, will form β ₁₀₁ complexes. The values for these determined stability constants are (in log₁₀ unit) 10.9 ± 0.1, 11.4 ± 0.1, 14.9 ± 0.1, and 20.1 ± 0.1 for Tc(IV) in 0.5 mol·L^?1 NaCl at 25 °C, for IDA, NTA, HEDTA and DTPA, respectively, they are 9.3 ± 0.1, 11.6 ± 0.2, 15.8 ± 0.1, and 20.8 ± 0.1 for V(IV) in 0.5 mol·L^?1 NaCl at 25 °C, for the same suite of ligands. The incorporation of a hydroxide into the metal ligand complexes formed by Tc(IV) is proposed as the largest factor differentiating the apparent stability constants of Tc(IV) and V(IV). This work shows that V(IV) is a poor analog for Tc(IV); however, despite the differences in complexation mechanism between V(IV) and Tc(IV), V(IV) still appears to have some use for predicting Tc(IV) complexation behavior.     

Dimethylsulfoxide as a kinetic booster for the chemical generation of singlet oxygen in methanol

The kinetic booster effect of dimethylsulfoxide on the chemical generation of singlet oxygen, ¹O₂, from the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by molybdate ions in methanol has been evidenced by detection of the IR luminescence of ¹O₂ at 1270 nm and by ⁹⁵Mo NMR spectroscopy. DMSO interacts rapidly, through a direct oxygen transfer with the stable tetraperoxomolybdate , leading to DMSO₂ and to the unstable triperoxomolybdate , which releases ¹O₂. The procedure was applied to accelerate the dark singlet oxygenation of β-citronellol and α-terpinene.     

Distinction between surface hydroxyl and ether groups on boron-doped diamond electrodes using a chemical approach

While it is clearly established that oxidation of as-grown boron-doped diamond (BDD) interfaces results in the introduction of different surface oxygen functions such as ether, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, there is no reported approach which can clearly distinguish between the different surface functions. For further surface functionalization, it is important to quantify the presence of each group on the diamond surface. In this paper, the presence and amount of surface hydroxyl groups is identified using esterification of the COH groups with trifluoroacetic acid. The presence of CF₃ group in the acid allowed the identification and estimation of the amount of surface hydroxyl groups using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

Self-induced "electroclick" immobilization of a copper complex onto self-assembled monolayers on a gold electrode

We report the self-induced "electroclick" immobilization of the [Cu(II)(6-ethynyl-TMPA)(H(2)O)](2+) complex, by its simple electro-reduction, onto a mixed azidoundodecane-/decane-thiol modified gold electrode. The redox response of the grafted [Cu(II/I)(TMPA)] at the modified electrode is fully reversible indicating no Cu coordination change and a fast electron transfer.     

Epoxy-functionalized large-pore SBA-15 and KIT-6 as affinity chromatography supports

Mesoporous silica supports are proposed as an alternative to polymeric stationary phases for fast affinity chromatography due to their better mechanical strength compared to polymers. Ideal supports should combine high surface area and large pore size to allow a high loading capacity of large molecules, such as proteins, and favor their accessibility. Increasing the pore size of large-surface area micelle-templated silicas (SBA-15, KIT-6) has been achieved by swelling the micelles by the addition of organic molecules and increasing synthesis time and temperature. The pore size of hexagonal silica mesostructured SBA-15 has been increased up to 35 nm. These materials could find therefore application as affinity chromatography for immunoextraction.     

Stress degradation studies and kinetic determinations of duloxetine enteric-coated pellets by HPLC

A stability-indicating HPLC assay method was developed for the quantitative determination of duloxetine (DLX) in a pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of its degradation products, and kinetic determinations were evaluated in acid conditions and UV-C radiation exposure. Chromatographic separation was achieved by use of an ACE C18 column (250 x 4.0 mm id, 5 microm particle size). The mobile phase was prepared by mixing aqueous 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0 containing 0.3% triethylamine) and acetonitrile (60 + 40, v/v). DLX was rapidly degraded in an acid medium and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and UV-C radiation; it was more stable in alkaline medium. The described method was linear over a range of 4.0-14.0 microg/mL for determination of DLX (r = 0.9998). The precision was demonstrated by the RSD of intraday (0.79-1.07%) and interday (0.85%) studies. The mean recovery was found to be 100.56%. The acid degradation of DLX in 0.1 M HCI solution showed an apparent zero-order kinetics (k = 0.177 microg/mL/min), and the photodegradation demonstrated an apparent first-order kinetics (k = 0.082 microg/mL/min). The developed method was found to be simple, specific, robust, linear, precise, and accurate for the determination of DLX in enteric-coated pellets.     

Regioisomer characterization of triacylglycerols by non‐aqueous reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using silver nitrate as a postcolumn reagent

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) provide a challenge for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis because of their complexity. In particular, for dietary, nutritional and metabolic purposes, the positional placement of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of TAGs is a crucial aspect. To solve this problem, we have investigated the TAGs' fragmentation patterns using an ion trap mass spectrometer. A series of pure regioisomeric pairs of TAGs (POP/PPO, POO/OPO and OSO/SOO) were cationized by Ag⁺ after their separation by non‐aqueous reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (NARP‐LC) before MS to improve MS sensitivity. Electrospray ionization–MS (ESI‐MS) conditions were optimized in order to produce characteristic [M + Ag + AgNO₃]⁺ ions from each TAG, which were then fragmented to produce MS/MS spectra and then fragmented further to produce up to MS⁵ spectra. The observation of ions produced by LC‐MS⁵ of on‐line Ag⁺‐cationized TAG provided unambiguous information on the fatty acid distribution on the glycerol backbone. These strategies of MS to MS⁵ experiments were applied to identify components and to determine the regiospecificity of TAG within a complex mixture of lipids in natural oils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemoselective Catalysis with Organosoluble Lewis Acidic Polyoxotungstates

The preparation of new organosoluble Lewis acidic polyoxometalates (POMs) is reported. These complexes were prepared by the incorporation of Zr, Sc, and Y atoms into the corresponding monolacunary Dawson [P₂W₁₇O₆₁]^10? and Keggin [PW₁₁O₃₉]^7? polyoxotungstates. The catalytic activity of these compounds was evaluated for C? C bond formation in the Diels–Alder, Mannich, and Mukaiyama‐type reactions. Comparisons with previously described Lewis acidic POMs are reported. Competitive reactions between imines and aldehydes or between various imines demonstrated that fine tuning of the reactivity could be reached by varying the metal atom incorporated into the polyanionic framework. A series of experiments that employed pyridine derivatives allowed us to distinguish between the Lewis and induced Brønsted acidity of the POMs. These catalysts activate imines in a Lewis acidic way, whereas aldehydes are activated by indirect Brønsted catalysis.     

Surface modification of polypropylene with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in argon and an argon/water vapour mixture

In this paper, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in pure argon and an argon/water vapour mixture has been used to modify the surface of polypropylene (PP) films. The gas temperature of the plasma jet was found to be 625 K in an active zone between the electrodes and was found to increase in the afterglow. Based on these results, the PP films are placed as close as possible to the edge of the capillary in order to avoid thermal damage to the polymer. XPS results on the untreated and modified PP samples revealed incorporation of a significant amount of oxygen on the polymer surface, however, this oxygen inclusion is more pronounced for the argon/water vapour jet due to the higher radicals density in the jet afterglow. One can therefore conclude that adding water vapour to an argon plasma jet can be a convenient way to increase the efficiency of plasma surface modification.