Stability of preserving lattice cubic functional equation in Menger probabilistic normed Riesz spaces

The aim of this paper is to investigate Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of preserving lattice functional equation in various spaces. First, we prove stability of generalized preserving lattice functional equation in Banach lattices. Next, we show stability of preserving lattice cubic functional equation in Menger probabilistic normed Riesz spaces.     

Modeling semiconductor devices by using Neuro Space Mapping

In this paper a new method for modeling semiconductor devices by use of the drift-diffusion (DD) model and neural networks is presented. Unlike the hydrodynamic (HD) model which is complicated, time consuming with high processing cost, the proposed method has lower complexity and lower simulation time. In this method the RBF neural network has been used for correcting parameters in the drift-diffusion model. Therefore solving approximate model (DD) causes to obtain accurate response. The proposed method is first applied to a silicon n-i-n diode in one dimension, and then to a silicon thin-film MOSFET in two-dimensions, both for interpolation and extrapolation. The obtained results for basic variables, i.e., electron and potential distribution for different voltages, confirm the high efficiency of the proposed method.     

Computing latest starting times of activities in interval-valued networks with minimal time lags

This paper deals with problems of determining possible values of earliest and latest starting times of an activity in networks with minimal time lags and imprecise durations that are represented by means of interval or fuzzy numbers. Although minimal time lags are practical in different projects, former researchers have not considered these problems.After proposing propositions which reduce the search space, a novel polynomial algorithm is presented to compute intervals of possible values of latest starting times in interval-valued networks with minimal time lags. Then, the results are extended to networks with fuzzy durations.     

Ultrasonic induced photoluminescence decay in sonochemically obtained cauliflower-like ZnO nanostructures with surface 1D nanoarrays

Cauliflower-like ZnO nanostructures with average crystallite size of about 55 nm which have surface one dimensional (1D) nanoarrays with 10 nm diameter were successfully fabricated through a simple sonochemical route. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) characterizations were performed to investigate the morphological and structural properties of the obtained nanostructures. It has been shown that the synthesized cauliflower-like ZnO nanostructures irradiated UV luminescence and a green peak in visible band. Ultrasonic post-treatment of the particles for about 2 h increased the density of surface defects resulted in an increase in the green emission intensity.     

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Via the Spatially Resolved Technique Using Non-Gated Detector

We present a simple setup for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using the spatially resolved technique (SRLIBS). We show that, without any need for time-gated ICCD and pulse generator, the signal-to-background ratio is enhanced. We develop a homemade spectrograph with a movable slit located at its entrance to detect different parts of the plasma emission. For optimizing the position of the slit, we use the shadowgraphy technique to study the plasma expansion. In this low cost setup, with nanosecond laser pulses, we perform SRLIBS experiments on the plasma induced in air and iron. Our results show that the signal-to-background ratio for iron and air is enhanced up to 15 and 8 times, respectively.     

Selective extraction and analysis of pioglitazone in cow plasma using a molecularly imprinted polymer combined with ESI ion mobility spectrometry

A method based on ESI ion mobility spectrometry as a detection technique after treatment with a molecularly imprinted polymer is described for the analysis of pioglitazone. In addition to the molecularly imprinted polymer separation methodology, the positive ion mobility spectrum and the reduced mobility values for pioglitazone are reported for the first time. The method was exhaustively validated in terms of sensitivity, imprinting factor, enrichment factor, and sorption capacity. A linear dynamic range of 0.10–20.00 μg/mL and an RSD below 6% were obtained for the analysis of this compound. The average recovery for the analysis of spiked samples was calculated to be about 91%. The method was also used to determine pioglitazone in cow plasma, and the results were compared with those obtained using HPLC. The satisfactory results evidence a convenient method for the analysis of the target compound in real samples without using any additional derivatization methods.     

Effect of iodine doping on the electrical transport mechanism in plasma polymerized 2,6-diethylaniline thin films

The current density–voltage characteristics of pure and iodine doped plasma polymerized 2,6-diethylaniline (PPDEA) thin films of different thicknesses ranging from 150 to 450 nm with aluminum (Al)/PPDEA/Al structure have been investigated at room temperature. The direct current electrical conductivity has showed a higher value due to iodine doping of PPDEA thin film. In contrast to pure PPDEA thin films where the most probable conduction mechanism is electrode limited Schottky type, Poole–Frenkel (PF) conduction mechanism is found to be operative in iodine doped PPDEA thin films. The PF conduction mechanism in iodine doped PPDEA thin films may have generated due to the charge transfer complex formation through donor type monomer and acceptor type iodine. The presence of charge transfer complex is confirmed by a new absorption shoulder/peak in ultraviolet–visible spectrum of iodine doped PPDEA thin film.     

A novel concept for the improvement of the Ni–Mo/Al2O3-based nanocatalyst system: design and analysis

A new Ni?CMo/Al₂O₃-based nano catalyst composition was developed and manufactured by a proprietary catalyst preparation technology for diesel hydrotreatment. The nanocatalyst has been performing commercially since September 2011, consistently producing ultra low-sulfur diesel of Euro-IV/V standards from a feedstock containing 1.75?wt% sulfur. In addition to lowering sulfur content, the catalyst also enhances cetane number and reduces boiling end-point to obtain diesel with better quality. The nanocatalyst was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to ascertain the electronic state of metal species. The morphological characterization of the nanocatalyst carried out by TEM revealed the presence of nano-sized MoS₂ slab structures. The performance of the nanocatalyst is mainly attributed to MoS₂ slabs with increased stacking which in turn are generated from the customized metal-sulfide precursors.