Pressure effects on the semiconductor-semimetal transition in Ti2O3

Hydrostatic pressure has negligible effect on the resistivity anomaly and thec _H /a _H ratio of Ti₂O₃. The results are consistent with the band-crossing mechanism wherein the a ^T and e ^T bands cross as thec _H /a _H ratio increases.     

Low temperature heat-capacity measurements of V3Ga and Nb3Al

By low temperature heat capacity measurements using the a.c. technique, we show indirectly that martensitic transformations do occur in V₃Ga and Nb₃Al.     

The relativistic theory of chemical binding

Starting from Breit’s relativistic equation for a system of two electrons, it is shown that for a hydrogen molecule (or for a system of two electrons moving in a field of cylindrical symmetry) the component of the total angular momentum (J _x ) along the axis of the molecule (axis of symmetry) is a constant of motion. Thus every eigenstate of the system is simultaneously an eigenstate of J _x also, and a state of the system will specify, besides its energy, only the eigenvalue of the component of the angular momentum parallel to the axis of symmetry. The form of the four large components of the wave function relating to their dependence on the azimuthal co-ordinates has been given. The case of Russel-Saunders approximation has been considered in detail and the nature of the components of the wave function for the singlet and triplet states has been discussed. It is shown that the wave function for the ground state of the hydrogen molecule could be expressed as a sum of a set of symmetric functions of which the first term is the Heitler-London function, and that the wave function for a triplet state should be a superposition of anti-symmetric molecular orbitals. It is shown that relativistic theory brings about in a natural manner the facts relating to the ground state of the molecules C₂ and O₂. Finally, some remarks are made concerning the case of molecules for which the spinorbit and the spin-spin couplings are strong.     

Focussing and defocussing of ballistic phonons in diamond and Nb3Sn

The ballistic propagation of phonons in diamond and Nb₃Sn at 40 and at 4.2 K is examined. The nature of variation of the phonon magnification factor has been analysed both in the wave vector as well as group velocity spaces. Using the Polar Schmidt-net with Pole at (π/2,π/2), the mappings of phonon focussing and defocussing are made. It is shown that the mapping for theFTA mode for Nb₃Sn exhibits islands acting as impenetrable barriers for phonon propagation.     

SU(5) gut phase transitions via 't Hooft's duality relation

't Hooft's duality relation is used to investigate the possible dynamical symmetry breaking pattern SU(5)→ SU(4) ? U(1) where the gauge fields of SU(4) may be in one of four possible phases: (i) confinement phase, (ii) Higgs phase, (iii) “self-dual phase”, (iv) Coulomb phase. It is found that the duality relation involving the electric and magnetic free energies is satisfied in all these cases.     

聚合物负载的钯-咪唑催化烯烃加氢

A polymer-supported palladium-imidazole catalyst was used to catalyze the hydrogenation of various olefins under mild conditions. The rate of hydrogenation was studied. The effects of factors such as substrate concentration,catalyst concentration,partial pressure of hydrogen and temperature on initial rate of reaction of selected olefins were investigated. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed from the rate equation. The effects of the solvent and structure of the olefin on the rate of hydrogenation were investigated. The catalyst showed good reusability without any leaching of metal from the support. The homologous analog of the polymer-supported catalyst could not be used as catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins in methanol because there was precipitation of the metal during reaction.     

Enhanced fluoride sorption using La(III) incorporated carboxylated chitosan beads

The carboxylated chitosan beads (CCB), which have a defluoridation capacity (DC) of 1385 mg F(-)/kg, have been further chemically modified by incorporating La(3+) ion (La-CCB) and its DC was found to be 4711 mg F(-)/kg whereas the raw chitosan beads (CB) possess only 52 mg F(-)/kg. The fluoride removal by La-CCB is governed by both adsorption and complexation mechanism. The functional groups present in beads were identified by FTIR analysis. The surface condition and existence of fluoride on the beads was confirmed by SEM with EDAX analysis. The experimental data have been analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaG(o), DeltaH(o) and DeltaS(o) were calculated to predict the nature of sorption. The kinetic studies were investigated with reaction-based and diffusion-based models. A field trial was carried out with fluoride water collected from a nearby fluoride-endemic village.