1,3,4-oxadiazolin-2-ones from carbo-t-butoxyhydrazones

5-Substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-2-ones 2 were synthesized by the oxidation of carbo-t-butoxyhydrazones 1 of aromatic aldehydes with lead tetraacetate or, preferably, iodosobenzene diacetate. In some instances 5-acetoxy-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 3 were obtained along with 2 . The oxidation of carboethoxyhydrazones 4 gave 2-ethoxy-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 5 .     

Raney nickel reductions—VIII A synthesis of 1:2-benzanthracene and its 3′-methyl and 4-methyl derivatives

1:2-Benzanthracene and the 3′-methyl derivative have been prepared by Raney nickel reduction of the sulphuric esters of the leuco derivatives of 1:2-benzanthraquinone and 4′-chloro-3′-methyl-1:2-benzanthraquinone, followed by dehydrogenation. 3-Hydroxy-1:2-benzanthraquinone was methylated in the 4-position by formaldehyde, sodium hydrosulphite and sodium hydroxide solution (the Marschalk reaction). Simultaneous reduction of the nuclear hydroxyl and quinone groups was effected by Raney nickel reduction of the trisulphuric ester of 3:9:10-trihydroxy-4-methyl-1:2-benzanthracene, and the resultant hexahydro-4-methyl-1:2-benzanthracene was dehydrogenated to 4-methyl-1:2-benzanthracene. The preparation of 3:4:9:10-dibenzopyrene from Mayvat brilliant red AF by Raney nickel reduction of the sulphuric ester of the leuco derivative and subsequent dehydrogenation is described.     

Ethylene- ando-phenylenediamine-N,N′-bis(dimethylmethylenephosphonic) acids as complexing agents

Summary Ethylene- ando-phenylene-diamine-N, N-bis(dimethylmethylenephosphonic) acids form polymeric complexes of general formula M₂L · xH₂O (M = Mn^II, Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, Cd^II or Pb^II; x=2 or 4). These have octahedral geometry and are polymeric, according to i.r. (far and near) and electronic spectral data and magnetic moment and thermogravimetric studies. The ligands are thought to be tetradentate for each metal atom, coordination taking place through phosphoryl oxygen and amino-group nitrogen.     

A Note on the Indirect Controls for a Coupled System of Wave Equations

By a procedure of successive projections, the authors decompose a coupled system of wave equations into a sequence of sub-systems. Then, they can clarify the indirect controls and the total number of controls. Moreover, the authors give a uniqueness theorem of solution to the system of wave equations under Kalman’s rank condition.     

Influence of crystallite size on acetone hydrogenation over copper catalysts

Acetone hydrogenation was studied over a family of Cu/SiO2 catalysts as well as UHP Cu powder and a Cu chromite catalyst. Oxygen chemisorption via dissociative N2O adsorption was used to count surface Cu atoms and calculate crystallite sizes, and a microwave absorption technique was used to measure the electrical conductivity of these Cu particles. Under differential reaction conditions at 423 K and 1 atm, all catalysts exhibited deactivation on stream and activities were typically 10-20% of their initial values after 3-4 h on stream. However, initial turnover frequencies (TOFs) varied from 0.056 s(-1) on the most highly dispersed Cu catalyst to 0.50 s(-1) on Cu powder, with the highest TOF of 2.4 s(-1) occurring on 110 nm crystallites. A similar trend with a broader (80-fold) variation was observed in the "steady-state" TOF values. Apparent activation energies varied between 11 and 14 kcal/mol. These initial TOF values are in good agreement with previous results, and a correlation exists between TOF and Cu crystallite size in this reaction, which appears to be structure sensitive. In addition, the electrical conductivity of these dispersed Cu nanoparticles, which was always less than that of bulk Cu, also increased with increasing Cu crystallite size; consequently, the change in this parameter may offer a possible explanation for the increase in TOF.     

Spectrophotometric determination of ziram (dithiocarbamate fungicide) by thiocyanate and rhodamine 6G method

A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of ziram in water, vegetables and grains. The method is based on the dissociation of dithiocarbamate complex of zinc with thiocyanate and rhodamine 6G at pH 4 to form a pink coloured complex that is stabilized by gelatin. The method is simple and Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.05-1 ppm of ziram. The method is free from interference of similar dithiocarbamate fungicides containing Mn(2+) and Fe(3+) ions.     

Magnetic properties of amorphous Mn x B100−x alloys

Magnetic properties of amorphous Mn _x B_100–x alloys ranging fromx = 30 to 70 under high magnetic fields and low ac magnetic fields in the temperature range from 4.2 K to room temperature have been investigated. Samples which have Mn concentrations of aboutx = 40–60 show spin-glass-like properties in the low-temperature region. This spin-glass characteristics result from a frustration in the spin system which is caused by the competition of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between randomly distributed Mn atoms. Both magnetization at 4.2 K and paramagnetic momentP _eff as a function of Mn concentration show a peak aroundx 44 which drops rapidly towards both sides of the Mn content.     

Data-, knowledge- and method-bases in chemical sciences I. BAQOR-database for equilibrium constants in aquo-organic media

BAQOR is a computer readable database for equilibrium constants in presence of different percentages of water miscible cosolvents. The present version with user friendly software in dBase III+ contains 740 records and runs on any IBM compatible PC. The physico-chemical properties of binary and ternary water-cosolvent mixtures, the equilibrium constants of proton- and metal-ligand complexes are retrievable through pop-up menus. Specific searches by metal-, ligand-, solvent-, and stoichiometry-wise and their combinations is possible. Several display modes-monitor, file and hard copy-are available for the numerical fields as well as for literature citation.     

Nonresonant third-order susceptibility measurements in the nematic liquid crystal K18

We have observed a large nonresonant third-order nonlinear susceptibility, X ⁽³⁾ (-; , 0, 0) in the isotropic phase of a nematic liquid crystal 4-n-hexyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (K18). The highest value of X ⁽³⁾ obtained at 632.8 nm is 1.16274×10^-18 m²V^-2 corresponding to a temperature 29.3°C. The observed second-order pretransitional temperature T ^* from our measurements is 1.2°C below the first-order nematic to isotropic transition temperature. The dependence of the Kerr constant on (T-T ^*)^-1 is found to be in good agreement with the predictions of the Landau-de Gennes model.