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81.
Summary The asymptotic bias of the least squares estimator for the multivariate autoregressive models is derived. The formulas for
the low order univariate autoregressive models are given in terms of the simple functions of parameters. Our results are useful
to the bias correction method of the least squares estimation.
This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant SES79-13976 at the Institute for Mathematical Studies in the
Social Sciences, Stanford University. This paper is a revision of Discussion Paper No. 504, The Center for Mathematical Studies
in Economics and Management Science, Northwestern University, October 1981. 相似文献
82.
Eiji Tokunaga Naoto Sato Jiro Korenaga Takayuki Imai Shin Sato Hiro-o Hamaguchi 《Optical Review》2010,17(3):341-345
Visible nonlinear band-edge luminescence in ZnSe and CdS bulk crystals was observed upon excitation by a mid-infrared free-electron
laser (mid-IR FEL) at approximately 9 mm. The emission intensity is proportional to the 74th and 45th powers of the excitation
intensity for ZnSe and CdS, respectively. For ZnSe, the temporal profile of the emission intensity does not follow the profile
of the excitation macropulse of the FEL, but sharply rises and decays only at the maximum of the macropulse profile. These
features are in marked contrast to those of a previous report, where the emission profile follows that of the macropulse,
and the emission intensity scales with the 4th power of the excitation intensity. The experimental observations were reproduced
by a numerical simulation based on impact ionization and avalanche ionization by electrons accelerated by the optical electric
field of the FEL. The large nonlinearity in the bandedge emission comes from the macropulse temporal structure, which consists
of micropulses densely spaced to allow excited carriers to survive when the next micropulse arrives. They work as seed carriers
in the next carrier multiplication step. 相似文献
83.
Biodegradable elastomeric network polyesters were prepared from multifunctional aliphatic carboxylic acids such as tricarballylic acid (Yt) or meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (Xb) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) diols with molecular weights of 530, 1,250 and 2,000 g.mol-1. Prepolymers prepared by a melt polycondensation were cast from DMF solution and postpolymerized at 280 degrees C for various periods of times to form a network. The resultant films were transparent, flexible and insoluble in organic solvents. The network polyesters obtained were characterized by IR absorption spectra, WAXS, density measurement, DSC, and tensile test. YtPCL1250, and XbPCL1250 network polyester films showed good elastomeric properties with high ultimate elongation (540-590%), and low Young's modulus (2.5-3.3 MPa). The enzymatic degradation was estimated by the weight loss of network films in a buffer solution with Rhizopus delemar lipase at 37 degrees C. The degree and rate of degradation were significantly affected by the molecular weight of PCL diol, chemical structures of multifunctional aliphatic carboxylic acids and the morphology of network films. The changes in the solid states of network films during the degradation were also estimated by the results of DSC and WAXS. [see text] 相似文献
84.
Donnelley M Siu KK Morgan KS Skinner W Suzuki Y Takeuchi A Uesugi K Yagi N Parsons DW 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2010,17(6):719-729
During respiration, particles suspended in the air are inhaled and unless cleared by airway defences they can remain and affect lung health. Their size precludes the use of standard imaging modalities so we have developed synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) methods to non-invasively monitor the behaviour of individual particles in live mouse airways. In this study we used these techniques to examine post-deposition particle behaviour in the trachea. PCXI was used to monitor the deposition and subsequent behaviour of particles of quarry dust and lead ore; fibres of asbestos and fibreglass; and hollow glass micro-spheres. Visibility was examined in vitro and ex vivo to avoid the complicating effects of surrounding tissue and respiratory or cardiac motion. Particle behaviour was then examined after deposition onto the tracheal airway surfaces of live mice. Each particle and fibre looked and behaved differently on the airway surface. Particles lodged on the airway shortly after deposition, and the rate at which this occurred was dependent on the particle type and size. After the live-imaging experiments, excised airway samples were examined using light and electron microscopy. Evidence of particle capture into the airway surface fluids and the epithelial cell layer was found. PCXI is a valuable tool for examining post-deposition particulate behaviour in the tracheal airway. These first indications that the interaction between airways and individual particles may depend on the particle type and size should provide a novel approach to studying the early effects of respired particles on airway health. 相似文献
85.
Yusuke Hamabe Sungbong Jung Hikotaro Suzuki Naoto Koizumi Muneyoshi Yamada 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2010,17(4):530-539
Ni species on the spent NiMo catalyst from ultra‐deep hydrodesulfurization of gas oil in a commercial plant were studied by Ni K‐edge EXAFS and TEM measurement without contact of the catalysts with air. The Ni–Mo coordination shell related to the Ni–Mo–S phase was observed in the spent catalyst by quasi in situ Ni K‐edge EXAFS measurement with a newly constructed high‐pressure chamber. The coordination number of this shell was almost identical to that obtained by in situ Ni K‐edge EXAFS measurement of the fresh catalyst sulfided at 1.1 MPa. On the other hand, large agglomerates of Ni3S2 were observed only in the spent catalyst by quasi in situ TEM/EDX measurement. MoS2‐like slabs were sintered slightly on the spent catalyst, where they were destacked to form monolayer slabs. These results suggest that the Ni–Mo–S phase is preserved on the spent catalyst and Ni3S2 agglomerates are formed by sintering of Ni3S2 species originally present on the fresh catalyst. 相似文献
86.
Eu2+-doped BaSi6N8O phosphors (Ba1−xEuxSi6N8O, 0.005≤x≤0.2) were synthesized by gas-pressure sintering of the powder mixture of BaCO3, Si3N4, and Eu2O3 at 1750 °C under 0.5 MPa N2. The fired powder consists of a major BaSi6N8O phase and a trace amount of impurity phases. The structural result of the BaSi6N8O powder, refined by the Rietveld method, agrees well with that of single crystals. A wide blue luminescence band peaking at about 500 nm is observed in BaSi6N8O:Eu2+, upon excitation with the ultraviolet light of 310 nm. Although Eu is covalently bonded to six nearest neighbor nitrogen atoms, the luminescence of Eu2+ is not significantly redshifted but shows a very narrow excitation spectrum at high energies. The origin of the short-wavelength luminescence is mainly ascribed to a small crystal-field splitting as a result of extremely long distances between europium and nitrogen ligands in BaSi6N8O:Eu2+. 相似文献
87.
A unified theory of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is presented for multiband ferromagnetic metals with dilute impurities. In the clean limit, the AHE is mostly due to extrinsic skew scattering. When the Fermi level is located around anticrossing of band dispersions split by spin-orbit interaction, the intrinsic AHE to be calculated ab initio is resonantly enhanced by its nonperturbative nature, revealing the extrinsic-to-intrinsic crossover which occurs when the relaxation rate is comparable to the spin-orbit coupling. 相似文献
88.
Yutaka Udagawa Masatake Yamaguchi Tomohito Tsuru Hiroaki Abe Naoto Sekimura 《哲学杂志》2013,93(12):1665-1678
We have investigated the effects of Sn and Nb on dislocation properties in a Zr lattice to elucidate the role of these alloying elements in hydride nucleation processes. According to experimental observations, γ-hydride habit planes are close to the prismatic plane in pure Zr and close to the basal plane in Zircaloy. Dislocation loops are observed around hydride precipitates, implying they play a part in hydride formation. Our ab initio generalized stacking-fault energy calculations showed remarkable effects of Sn on unstable-stacking energy and stacking-fault energy: these parameters for basal slip were considerably reduced while those for prismatic slip were increased in the presence of Sn. These results suggest selective stabilization and enhancement of dislocation spreading in the basal plane, promoting possible elementary processes of hydride precipitation with basal habit plane, i.e. screw-dislocation spreading and edge-dislocation emission in the basal plane. 相似文献
89.
A dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-i]dihydrophenazine (DNP) derivative was synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling, and its electronic spectrum was compared with that of dinaphtho[b,i]dihydrophenazine-5,18-dione (DNP-dione) as an anthraquinone analog. An absorption band of DNP is attributed to extension of π-conjugation over the entire molecule via the N atom. DNP-dione showed a broad absorption band in the range 450–490?nm due to intramolecular charge-transfer interactions. Additionally, the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of DNP was larger than that of DNP-dione. DNP-dione exhibited reversible oxidation peaks and a similar oxidation potential to DNP, since there are very weak electronic interactions between the anthracene and anthraquinone units across the N atoms with the 4-octyloxyphenyl substituent. 相似文献
90.
We demonstrated the spectrally narrowed laser emission from all-plastic organic waveguide with the distributed feedback (DFB) resonator pumped by Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser. We fabricated the DFB resonator on a surface of a photoresist polymer using an interference of laser beams. All-plastic waveguide with organic dyes dispersed in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and polystyrene matrix was spin-coated on a DFB resonator. Very narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.15 nm in emission wavelength was observed, whereas an excitation laser of Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser has broad FWHM of 14 nm. 相似文献