Facile formation of water-insoluble cyclodextrin/Nafion composite films on solid surfaces

The water-insoluble poly-beta-cyclodextrin (poly-CD)/Nafion composite film was easily prepared by casting a mixed solution of poly-CD and Nafion onto substrate plates. FT-IR measurements showed that the 50/50 wt% poly-CD/Nafion composite film remained stable on the glass and quartz substrates after immersion in water for more than 3 h, while a pure poly-CD film was almost completely dissolved by immersion within 1 h. The film stability was also evaluated from the amount of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) inclusion in the film, which was determined from the decrease in UV-vis absorbance of the p-NP solution into which the film was immersed. The composition dependence of the inclusion amount showed that the film was stable up to 50 wt% CD, but became less stable with further increase in the CD concentration in the film. From the isotherms for the inclusion of p-NP and 1-naphthoate (1-Naph) into the film, the inclusion (stability) constants were determined to be 3.7x10(3) M(-1) and 1.9x10(2) M(-1), respectively. These results show that the selective inclusion of CD is retained after preparation of the composite film.     

Oxidation reaction of steroid alcohols by ruthenium tetroxide

Oxidation of steroid alcohols by ruthenium tetroxide gives corresponding ketones in almost quantitative yields. The reaction provides a simple and convenient procedure for converting secondary alcohols to ketones in neutral media. The reconversion of ruthenium dioxide, produced during the oxidation, into the tetroxide with an appropriate oxygen donor such as sodium metaperiodate makes possible the oxidation of a given steroid alcohol to a ketone in the presence of a catalytic amount of ruthenium tetroxide.     

The structure of aureothin, a nitro compound obtained from Streptomyces thioluteus

The structure of aureothin, the third nitro compound obtained from nature, has been elucidated as I. Several reactions of aureothin and its derivatives are described.     

Stable isobenzofuran endoperoxide and its use for oxidation of olefins ans aromatic compounds

1,3-Di-tert-butylisobenzofuran reacts with singlet oxygen with rate constant of 2.8 x 10⁹ M^?1 sec^?1 to give stable endoperoxide $\text{4}$. Thermolysis of the endopepoxide ($\text{4}$) in the ppesence of norbornene and naphthalene gave the corrpesponding epoxide and naphthols, respectively. Addition of Pd(OAc)₂ improved the yield of naphtols considepably.     

Multiple level finite element analysis and its applications to tidal current flow in Tokyo Bay

A finite element method for the analysis of a one level and a multiple level current flow is presented. The basic equations can be derived from the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations under the shallow water assumptions. The standard finite element method has been introduced using the linear interpolation function based on a triangular finite element. For each level, the finite element subdivisions are not required to be coincident. To integrate the discretized equations numerically in time, an improved two step explicit scheme is employed. The multiple level finite element method is applied to a tidal flow analysis of Tokyo Bay.The multiple level tidal flow analysis is performed at the entrance channel of Tokyo Bay. The density of water is assumed to be constant for each level. The vertical profiles of the numerical velocity are compared with those of the observed velocity. The flow directions and the order of velocity are both well in agreement with the observed data. The tidal flow pattern in Tokyo Bay has been shown to be expressed by the multiple level flow assuming that the density of seawater is levelwise constant.The numerical tidal flow computation of Tokyo Bay carried out using a one level model is compared with observed data. The one level numerical values will be used to specify the boundary conditions for the multiple level analysis. Both numerical and observed results correspond extremely well in this computation. The two dominant circulated residual flows have been computed, and they coincide with the observed facts.     

Effect of interference pattern on femtosecond laser-induced ripple structure

Combined structures composed of a micron-sized periodic structure and a nano-sized quasi-periodic ripple structure were generated by a single process of multiple shots of an interfering femtosecond laser. The former structure was generated by an interference pattern and controlled by a number of beams. The latter structure was generated by a multiple shot method. As a result, multiple periodic structures were generated. The periodicity of the structures was analyzed by two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (FFT). The most probable period of ripple structure was downsized to 177 nm by restricting irradiated region by a TM wave interference pattern. The smallest period was 105 nm. The dispersion angle of a ripple decreased to about 50%. The period and direction of the ripples were for a first time controlled by using interference.     

Electron-boson coupling and oxygen-isotope effect in the optical conductivity of high-Tc superconductors

We have investigated electron-boson coupling in the optical conductivity of high-T_c superconductors through the optical self-energy. The real part of the self-energy (ReΣ^op(ω)) of YBa₂Cu₃O_y (YBCO) shows a characteristic doping dependence. In the optimally doped YBCO, ReΣ^op(ω) has a single peak around 65 meV, which corresponds to the kink structure of the band dispersion. On the other hand, in the under-doped YBCO, the peak structure of ReΣ^op(ω) splits into two parts. To evaluate contribution from the phonons in electron-boson coupling, we have measured oxygen-isotope effects by substituting ¹⁶O→¹⁸O for the optimally doped and under-doped YBCO.     

Photochemical reaction of silyl-substituted 1,4-disila(dewar-benzene) with isocyanide and phenylacetylene

The irradiation of silyl-substituted 1,4-disila(Dewar-benzene) 1 with light of wavelength λ > 320 nm in the presence of 2,6-dimethylphenyl-isocyanide or phenylacetylene produced 1,4-bis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)-2,3,5,6-tetraethyl-7-(2,6-dime-thylphenylimino)-1,4-disilabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene 5 or 1,4-bis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)-2,3,5,6-tetraethyl-1-(2-phenylethynyl)-1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-diene 6 , respectively. The molecular structures of 5 and 6 were determined by spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:87–92, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20411