Fast Estimation Algorithm for Calculation of Reflectance Map based on Wiener Estimation Technique

We propose a fast estimation algorithm for calculation of a reflectance map from measured radiances based on Wiener estimation technique. This technique uses many sample data of reflectance maps to decide transformation for accurate estimation. Reflectance maps of objects are estimated rapidly by linear operation between a vector of measured radiances and an estimation matrix previously calculated based on the sample data.     

Release of nitric oxide and iodine to the atmosphere from the freezing of sea-salt aerosol components

The known room-temperature, solution-phase reaction between nitrite ions and iodide ions, which occurs in acidic conditions (pH < 5.5), is shown to be accelerated when neutral aqueous solutions are frozen. The reaction is proposed to occur in liquid "micropockets" within the ice structure at temperatures between the freezing point and the eutectic temperature. The products, nitric oxide and molecular iodine, are known to play significant roles in atmospheric compositional change, and therefore, the results obtained here, which are not dependent on acidification, may impact on observed snowpack chemistry. Investigation of the effect of oxygen on the chemical processing indicates that a chain reaction mechanism is operative.     

Brezis-Nirenberg type theorems and multiplicity of positive solutions for a singular elliptic problem

We study Brezis-Nirenberg type theorems for the equation

     

Transformation of environment map by changing the captured position in a cuboidal room

Optical Review - In this paper, we consider the use of an environment map as a photographic support tool for understanding the condition of surrounding light. It is well known that an environment...     

Single-molecule magnet behavior enhanced by magnetic coupling between 4f and 3d spins

We synthesized and characterized a new compound [{Dy(hfac)₃}₂Pd(dpk)₂] ([Dy₂Pd]; Hdpk = di-2-pyridyl ketoxime), which is isostructural with the known [Dy₂Cu] and [Dy₂Ni]. The study of the [Dy₂Pd] compound containing diamagnetic Pd ion is indispensable to clarify a contribution of the exchange coupling for a 4f-3d single-molecule magnet behavior. From the ac susceptibility measurements on [Dy₂Pd], we obtained Δ/k_B = 28.6(11) K and T_B = 1.1 K. In accordance with the blocking behavior, the pulsed-field magnetization showed the hysteresis behavior below 1.1 K. These parameters on [Dy₂Pd] having S_Pd = 0 was compared with those of the derivatives having S_Cu = 1/2 (Δ/k_B = 47 K and T_B = 1.8 K) and S_Ni = 1 (Δ/k_B = 62(4) K and T_B = 2.5 K). The T_B and Δ steadily increase with the increasing 3d(4d) spin quantum number.     

Printed two-dimensional photonic crystals for single-step label-free biosensing of insulin under wet conditions

Two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D-PCs) fabricated on a cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) film using a printable photonics technology based on nano-imprint lithography (NIL) were used for label-free biosensing of insulin under wet conditions. In general, 2D-PC-based biosensing involves a complicated dry-up procedure after biosensing reactions on the 2D-PCs to obtain a high sensitivity through the large difference in refractive index. Therefore, it can be difficult to achieve simple operation involving single-step analysis. Performance of the biosensing under wet conditions would simplify the operational procedure. For label-free biosensing of insulin under wet conditions, the Fresnel reflection intensity change was used instead of the wavelength shift, which is the commonly used sensing signal. By detecting changes in refractive index caused by specific interactions between the antigen and antibody as the Fresnel reflection intensity changes, physiologically important concentrations of insulin could be detected, even under wet conditions. These results suggest that low-cost printed 2D-PCs offer great potential for single-step label-free biosensing through the introduction of a sample solution.     

Influence of adding salt on ultrasonic atomization in an ethanol-water solution

Ethanol was enriched by ultrasonic atomization. Enrichment ratios were increased by adding salt to the ethanol solution. Different enrichment ratios were observed for different types of salts in a range of low ethanol concentrations. The enrichment ratio was significantly improved by adding K(2)CO(3) or (NH(4))(2)SO(4). It is concluded that this is due to enhanced interfacial adsorption of the ethanol. Addition of Na(2)CO(3) to the ethanol solution also enhanced the interfacial adsorption of the ethanol, but the effect was relatively small. Addition of NaCl to the ethanol solution did not enhance the interfacial adsorption of the ethanol.