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271.
272.
For three‐dimensional flows with one inhomogeneous spatial coordinate and two periodic directions, the Karhunen–Loeve procedure is typically formulated as a spatial eigenvalue problem. This is normally referred to as the direct method (DM). Here we derive an equivalent formulation in which the eigenvalue problem is formulated in the temporal coordinate. It is shown that this so‐called method of snapshots (MOS) has some numerical advantages when compared to the DM. In particular, the MOS can be formulated purely as a matrix composed of scalars, thus avoiding the need to construct a matrix of matrices as in the DM. In addition, the MOS avoids the need for so‐called weight functions, which emerge in the DM as a result of the non‐uniform grid typically employed in the inhomogeneous direction. The avoidance of such weight functions, which may exhibit singular behaviour, guarantees satisfaction of the boundary conditions. The MOS is applied to data sets recently obtained from the direct simulation of turbulence in a channel in which viscoelasticity is imparted to the fluid using a Giesekus model. The analysis reveals a steep drop in the dimensionality of the turbulence as viscoelasticity is increased. This is consistent with the results that have been obtained with other viscoelastic models, thus revealing an essential generic feature of polymer‐induced drag reduced turbulent flows. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
273.
A new grid‐free upwind relaxation scheme for simulating inviscid compressible flows is presented in this paper. The non‐linear conservation equations are converted to linear convection equations with non‐linear source terms by using a relaxation system and its interpretation as a discrete Boltzmann equation. A splitting method is used to separate the convection and relaxation parts. Least squares upwinding is used for discretizing the convection equations, thus developing a grid‐free scheme which can operate on any arbitrary distribution of points. The scheme is grid free in the sense that it works on any arbitrary distribution of points and it does not require any topological information like elements, faces, edges, etc. This method is tested on some standard test cases. To explore the power of the grid‐free scheme, solution‐based adaptation of points is done and the results are presented, which demonstrate the efficiency of the new grid‐free scheme. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
274.
275.
276.
The capability of a modern interpretation system for IR spectra has been tested, in which the process of structural assignment
is modelled by methods of fuzzy logic. Figures of merit were generated for different interpretation algorithms. These figures
of merit permit the validation as well as a comparison of independent interpretation systems. The influence of the sample
preparation practice onto the information content of the resulting spectrum has been evaluated as well. Automatically generated
band tables show only restricted reliability.
Received: 13 February 1997 / Revised: 1 April 1997 / Accepted: 3 April 1997 相似文献
277.
V. Boutou M. A. Lebeault-Dorget A. R. Allouche C. Bordas J. Chevaleyre 《Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters》1997,40(1):448-453
In this article, we present results obtained on structures of small bare and oxygenated barium clusters produced by the laser vaporization technique. Contrary to the very weak Ba—Ba binding (0.202 eV), the Ba—O binding is rather strong (5.8 eV). As a consequence, extremely small amounts of oxygen in the cluster source are sufficient to induce the nucleation of oxygenated barium clusters. Surprisingly, at least for substoechiometric systems, BanOm clusters exhibit the same icosahedral structure as bare clusters do. Mass spectra seem to indicate that replacing a barium atom with a strongly polar BaO molecule does not affect the geometrical structure of the cluster. This aspect is more easily understandable if we assume that the oxygen atom takes place inside the structure of the Ban cluster without significant distortions. Ab-initio calculations have been undertaken in order to give a satisfactory account of this hypothesis. 相似文献
278.
C. Boldrighini R.A. Minlos A. Pellegrinotti 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》1997,189(2):533-557
We consider a general model of directed polymers on the lattice , weakly coupled to a random environment. We prove that the central limit theorem holds almost surely for the discrete time
random walk X
T
associated to the polymer. Moreover we show that the random corrections to the cumulants of X
T
are finite, starting from some dimension depending on the index of the cumulants, and that there are corresponding random
corrections of order , , in the asymptotic expansion of the expectations of smooth functions of X
T
. Full proofs are carried out for the first two cumulants. We finally prove a kind of local theorem
showing that the ratio of the probabilities of the events to the corresponding probabilities with no randomness, in the region of “moderate” deviations from the average drift bT, are, for almost all choices of the environment, uniformly close, as , to a functional of the environment “as seen from (T,y)$”.
Received: 14 October 1996 / Accepted: 28 March 1997 相似文献
279.
We examine certain special features exhibited by various classes of linear operators acting in a hereditarily indecomposable
Banach space. For instance, we show that the family of all Riesz operators in a H.I. space forms a closed, 2-sided ideal.
We also give further characterizations of the class of scalar-type spectral operators (to those already given in [16]). The
final section discusses some properties of the spectral maximal spaces of (necessarily decomposable) linear operators in such
spaces.
Conferenza tenuta il 16 settembre 1997
The support of the German Academic Exchange Scheme (DAAD) is gratefully acknowledged 相似文献
280.
The diffuse scattering of x rays in a four-layer waveguide-type heterostructure is investigated. The dynamic enhancement of
diffuse scattering is detected experimentally in regions corresponding to the excitation of waveguide modes for both the incident
and scattered waves.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 4, 219–223 (25 August 1997) 相似文献