An exact analytical solution of the unsteady magnetohydrodynamics nonlinear dynamics of laminar boundary layer due to an impulsively linear stretching sheet

In this paper, we investigate the theoretical analysis for the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic laminar boundary layer flow due to impulsively stretching sheet. The third-order highly nonlinear partial differential equation modeling the unsteady boundary layer flow brought on by an impulsively stretching flat sheet was solved by applying Adomian decomposition method and Pade approximants. The exact analytical solution so obtained is in terms of rapidly converging power series and each of the variants are easily computable. Variations in parameters such as mass transfer (suction/injection) and Chandrasekhar number on the velocity are observed by plotting the graphs. This particular problem is technically sound and has got applications in expulsion process and related process in fluid dynamics problems.     

Recent advances in C(sp3)H bond carbonylation by first row transition metals

Carbonylation is one of the most valuable processes both in academia and industry. Direct functionalization of inert C(sp²)H bond into C(sp²)-carbonyl derivatives was actively pursued over decades using noble metals. But the corresponding C(sp³)H bond carbonylation is a challenging area and only few examples were known till now. Utilization of first row transition metals as an alternative to their noble partners is more sustainable. In this context, use of first row transition metals for direct C(sp³)H bond functionalization is burgeoning as an exciting area. This digest review covers some of the recent achievements in this regard especially using Ni, Co and Cu as first row transition metals. The reported approaches are categorized in two types: directed and non-directed activation/functionalization of C(sp³)H bonds using carbon monoxide gas or its surrogates as a C1 source.     

Ta2O5 nanoparticles as an anode material for lithium ion battery

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Ta2O5 is one of the promising anode materials for lithium ion battery application undergoing conversion reaction in combination with an extrinsic...     

Preparation and characterisation of amorphous mesoporous aluminophosphate and metal aluminophosphate as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification reaction

Preparation, characterisation of pure aluminophosphate and aluminophosphate modified with different transition metals (V, Fe, Co Ni & Cu) and their catalytic activity in mono/dibenzyl substituted malonates synthesis are explained. The materials were prepared by the coprecipitation method in the absence of any structure-directing species and characterized for their composition, crystalline nature, total surface acidity, specific surface area pore diameter and pore volume by different techniques. Catalytic activity of the materials was investigated in transesterification of diethylmalonate with benzyl alcohol in liquid phase. Pure aluminophosphate resulted only in benzyl ethylmalonate whereas the incorporation of transition metals favored the formation of both benzyl ethylmalonate and dibenzylmalonate. Catalytic activity parallels the surface acidity and mesoporosity of the catalysts. The effect of the molar ratio of reactants, amount of catalyst, and reaction time on the conversion of diethyl malonate and transester yield has been studied. The highest activity of iron aluminophosphate is attributed to its mesoporous nature with uniform pore size distribution, higher surface acidity and surface area. Further, the scope and generality of iron aluminophosphate as a catalyst in the transesterification was studied using various aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic alcohols. The catalysts could be recycled by retaining most of its initial activity.     

Silica Sulfuric Acid–Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitro Olefins

The 1,4‐conjugate addition of indoles to nitro olefins was efficiently carried out using an environmentally benign catalyst, silica sulfuric acid, at ambient temperature.     

Recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives

Among the bioactive heterocyclic frameworks, nitrogen containing multisubstituted imidazoles are versatile building blocks of many naturally occurring products. Imidazoles possess wide range of biological properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antihypertensive activities with potential applications in other sectors. Multicomponent reactions in combination with heterogeneous catalysts and nanocomposites have contributed significantly to organic synthesis in general and imidazoles, in particular with high functional group tolerance. Owing to their tunable properties, lower operational cost, thermal stability, recyclability, and easily separation from products, heterogeneous catalysts and nanocomposites are integral part of numerous pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and industrial processes. There has been increased focus on the development of green and sustainable catalytic procedures for the building of novel and biologically potent imidazole conjugates. This article emphasizes the recent advances in recyclable catalysts and protocols, and their merits for the synthesis of diverse multisubstituted imidazole conjugates by one-pot reaction approach and the catalyst and reactant interactions.