Advanced muon radiography with compact accelerator system

By using a well-defined mono-energetic, pencil-like, high-energy and intense muon beam, one can realize, via simultaneous measurements of energy-loss and multiple-scattering, a quick and element-selective radiography to detect e.g. a few kg of U which is shielded in a thick Fe container or hidden within 2–3 m of low-Z material. A source of such an ideal beam of muons can be realized in transportable form via truck trailers, by combining a compact 400 MeV electron accelerator for photo π/μ production, a superconducting solenoid for full-solid-angle π/μ capture and transport, a stopping in hot tungsten metal for cooling of energetic μ⁺ to sub-eV μ⁺, and finally a compact linear accelerator for rapid acceleration to 600 MeV. Principle and some details are described.     

Hyperfine field and diffusion of μ+ in Fe single crystals

In recent positive-muon spin rotation experiment at TRIUMF on single crystal Fe, a clear temperature dependent change has been observed, for the first time, both in frequency and depolarization rates from 300 K down to 23 K. The μ⁺ depolarization was explained by the μ⁺ diffusion through inhomogeneous dipolar fields and the diffusion constant was found to obey an Arrhenius law (activation energy 17 meV) above 70 K but surprisingly deviated from this at lower temperatures, indicating quantum diffusion. We have also found that the μ⁺ hyperfine field has a temperature dependence slightly stronger than that of the magnetization.     

Infrared-microwave two-photon spectroscopy of the ν4 and ν6 bands of D2CO

Transitions in the ν₄ and ν₆ bands of D₂CO have been recorded by means of an infrared-microwave two-photon spectometer. The two-photon frequencies have been combined with frequencies obtained by infrared laser Stark and microwave spectroscopy to obtain rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground, ν₄, and ν₆ states as well as vibrational frequencies and the Coriolis coupling constant for the two excited states. Expressions are reported for the linestrengths of two-photon transitions for an asymmetric rotor for the cases of parallel and perpendicular orientation of the planes of polarization of the infrared and microwave radiation.     

NMR studies on polarized12B implanted in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

NMR measurements on¹²B nuclei implanted in a thin sheet of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (Grafoil) have been made to study the magnitude of the polarization of¹²B and its electric quadrupole coupling. The magnitude of the residual polarization of¹²B held in carbon material is of crucial importance to the experiment measuring the average polarization of¹²B produced in the muon capture by¹²C. It was found that the polarization of¹²B can be maintained at 101.0±2.2% in Grafoil under a magnetic field of 3 kG. The electric quadrupole coupling was determined to bee ² qQ/h=+1207.3±8.2 kHz. From the magnitude and the sign of the electric field gradienteq, the location of¹²B was found to be a substitutional site in the carbon lattice. The anomalous B-C bond involving thesp ₂ hybrid orbitals with partially filledp _z electrons is also discussed.     

Observation of surface composition of copper-nickel alloy by auger spectra in the lower energy region (at around 100 eV)

The interaction of oxygen with a clean (110) molybdenum surface has been studied by LEED and RHEED. At room temperature two simple chemisorbed structures are found, at higher exposures a multiple order pattern is seen. At temperatures above 750 K a complex LEED pattern is observed. Initially a corresponding RHEED pattern is seen which has a different structure. Epitaxial oxide nucleation may be followed by RHEED but the initial process is not seen by LEED. More extensive epitaxial films are needed before oxide reflexions appear in the LEED pattern. The formation of an epitaxial oxide film is accompanied by the growth of {100} molybdenum facets. These may be seen after the film has been carefully evaporated away. The nuclei of oxide which form are shown by both RHEED and transmission microscopy of replicas to be characteristically shaped.     

μ- spin rotation studies on graphite and its second-stage rubidium intercalation compound. Evidence for a paramagnetic chemical shift

The precession frequencies of negative-muon spin rotation in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and its second stage Rb compound were measured at room temperature. The results showed that a μ^- C-C bond is formed from sp² hybrid orbitals involving the partially filled p_z orbital and that intercalation influences the σ as well as the π bonds.     

Microscopic Studies of 2H-NbSe2 Probed by Positive Muon

Abstract

The microscopic state of the positively charged light particle in the transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-NbSe₂ was studied using the muon spin relaxation method (μ⁺SR) and muon level crossing resonance method (μ-LCR). Muons are expected to stay at interlayer position and behaves as a hydrogen like intercalant. We discuss the relation between conduction electron properties and the muon's behavior.