Physiological Flow of Jeffrey Six Constant Fluid Model due to Ciliary Motion

The main purpose of this article is to present a mathematical model of ciliary motion in an annulus. In this analysis, the peristaltic motion of non-Newtonian Jeffrey six constant fluid is observed in an annulus with ciliated tips in the presence of heat and mass transfer. The effects of viscous dissipation are also considered. The flow equations of non-Newtonian fluid for the two-dimensional tube in cylindrical coordinates are simplified using the low Reynolds number and long wave-length approximations. The main equations for Jeffrey six constant fluid are considered in cylindrical coordinates system. The resulting nonlinear problem is solved using the regular perturbation technique in terms of a variant of small dimensionless parameter α. The results of the solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration field are presented graphically. B_k is Brinkman number, ST is soret number, and SH is the Schmidth number. Outcome for the longitudinal velocity, pressure rise, pressure gradient and stream lines are represented through graphs. In the history, the viscous-dissipation effect is usually represented by the Brinkman number.     

Impact of Linear Operator on the Convergence of HAM Solution: A Modified Operator Approach

The linear operator plays an important role in the computational process of Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). In HAM frame any kind of linear operator can be chosen to develop a solution. Hence, it is easy to introduce the modified/physical parameter dependent linear operators. The effective use of these operators has been judged through solving fluid flow problems. Modification in linear operators affects the solution and improves the computational efficiency of HAM for larger values of parameters. The convergence rate of the solution is rapid and several times higher resulting in less computational time.     

Chiral resolution of multichiral center racemates by different modalities of chromatography

It is a continuous chase of researchers to separate chiral racemates due to their dominance in the pharmaceutical industry, agrochemicals, and food additives. There are many analytical techniques which have been used to resolve one chiral center racemates, but, little the literature report is scanty for the resolution of multiple stereogenic center racemates. Therefore, in this article the efforts were made to describe the enantiomeric resolution of multiple stereogenic center racemates by different modalities of chromatography. The various modalities discussed are high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoretic chromatography, miceller electrokinetic chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, nanoliquid chromatography, and gas chromatography. Besides, the attempts have also been made to discuss the future challenges and prospectives of the enantiomeric resolution of multichiral racemates.     

Real-time monitoring of ischemic and contralateral brain pO2 during stroke by variable length multisite resonators

Purpose

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry using variable length multi-probe implantable resonator (IR), was used to investigate the temporal changes in the ischemic and contralateral brain pO₂ during stroke in rats.

Material and methods

The EPR signal to noise ratio (S/N) of the IR with four sensor loops at a depth of up to 11 mm were compared with direct implantation of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc, oximetry probe) deposits in vitro. These IRs were used to follow the temporal changes in pO₂ at two sites in each hemisphere during ischemia induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats breathing 30% O₂ or 100% O₂.

Results

The S/N ratios of the IRs were significantly greater than the LiPc deposits. A similar pO₂ at two sites in each hemisphere prior to the onset of ischemia was observed in rats breathing 30% O₂. However, a significant decline in the pO₂ of the left cortex and striatum occurred during ischemia, but no change in the pO₂ of the contralateral brain was observed. A significant increase in the pO₂ of only the contralateral non-ischemic brain was observed in the rats breathing 100% O₂. No significant difference in the infarct volume was evident between the animals breathing 30% O₂ or 100% O₂ during ischemia.

Conclusions

EPR oximetry with IRs can repeatedly assess temporal changes in the brain pO₂ at four sites simultaneously during stroke. This oximetry approach can be used to test and develop interventions to rescue ischemic tissue by modulating cerebral pO₂ during stroke.     

A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial on the antileishmanial activity of a Morinda citrifolia (Noni) stem extract and its major constituents

A controlled study was conducted to determine the efficiency of a topical ointment prepared from the stem extract of Morinda citrifolia against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Similarly, the in vitro antileishmanial activity of morindicone and morinthone isolated from the extract were investigated against Leishmania major. These compounds displayed good activity. Out of 40 patients, 50% showed an excellent response and 30% exhibited good improvement.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and phenolics of different solvent extracts from bark, leaves and seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

This study appraises the antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes of various solvent extracts (absolute methanol, aqueous methanol, absolute ethanol, aqueous ethanol, absolute acetone, aqueous acetone, and deionized water) from bark, leaves and seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Maximum extraction yield of antioxidant components from bark (16.31%), leaves (11.42%) and seeds (21.51%) of P. pinnata was obtained using aqueous methanol (20:80). Of the extracts tested, the bark extract, obtained with aqueous methanol, exhibited greater levels of total phenolics [6.94 g GAE/100 g dry weight (DW)], total flavonoids (3.44 g CE/100 g DW), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (69.23%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC(50) value, 3.21 μg/mL), followed by leaves and seeds extracts. Bark extract tested against a set of bacterial and fungal strains also revealed the strongest antimicrobial activity with the largest inhibition zone and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). HPLC analysis of aqueous methanol extracts from bark, leaves and seeds indicated the presence of protocatechuic, ellagic, ferulic, gallic, gentisic, 4-hydroxybenzoic and 4-hydroxycinnamic acids in bark (1.50-6.70 mg/100 g DW); sorbic, ferulic, gallic, salicylic and p-coumaric acids in leaves (1.18-4.71 mg/100 g DW); vanillic, gallic and tannic acids in seeds (0.52-0.65 mg/100 g DW) as the main phenolic acids. The present investigation concludes that the tested parts of P. pinnata, in particular the bark, have strong potential for the isolation of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for functional food and pharmaceutical uses.     

Series solutions for the stagnation flow of a second-grade fluid over a shrinking sheet

This study derives the analytic solutions of boundary layer flows bounded by a shrinking sheet. With the similarity transformations, the partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equations which are then solved by the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. Two-dimensional and axisymmetric shrinking flow cases are discussed.     

Antibacterial Activity of Dental Composite with Ciprofloxacin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles

Resin composites have been widely used in dental restoration. However, polymerization shrinkage and resultant bacterial microleakage are major limitations that may lead to secondary caries. To overcome this, a new type of antibacterial resin composite containing ciprofloxacin-loaded silver nanoparticles (CIP-AgNPs) were synthesized. The chemical reduction approach successfully produced CIP-AgNPs, as demonstrated by FTIR, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. CIP-AgNPs were added to resin composites and the antibacterial activity of the dental composite discs were realized against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and the Saliva microcosm. The biocompatibility of modified resin composites was assessed and mechanical testing of modified dental composites was also performed. The results indicated that the antibacterial activity and compressive strength of resin composites containing CIP-AgNPs were enhanced compared to the control group. They were also biocompatible when compared to resin composites containing AgNPs. In short, these results established strong ground application for CIP-AgNP-modified dental composite resins.     

Synthesis Crystal Structure and Spectral Properties of New Sulfonamides

Journal of Chemical Crystallography - In this paper, we report new sulfonamide derivatives, 4-((2,4-dichlorophenylsulfonamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1), ethyl...     

Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for stagnation point flow of micropolar nanofluid toward a nonlinear stretching surface with slip effects

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Cattaneo–Christov with variable thermal relaxation time and entropy generation is the main concern of this study. The micropolar fluid with...