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1.
Novel mixed valence states have been obtained by the treatment of cobaltous ferrocyanides (Co+2FeII) and ferricyanides (Co+2FeIII) in an ozone flow. The CN stretching bands occur at 2085 cm–1 for Co+2FeII and at 2160 cm–1 for Co+2FeIII. After the ozonization process of Co+2FeII, an intense band approximately at 2125 cm–1 is detected. This intermediate band must correspond to a mixed valence state of the type: FeII–CN–Co2+–NC–FeIII Mössbauer spectra recorded in situ during the ozonization of Co+2FeII show the presence of two components: a doublet with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting values close to the cobalti ferricyanide and a very broad line for the mixed valence state. From the Mössbauer and infrared spectra of the aged samples of the Co+2FeII after ozonization, a relaxation process to the initial state of the samples is observed but the mixed valence state is stable. 相似文献
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van den Brand JF Ent R Anthony PL Arnold RG Arrington J Beise EJ Belz JE Bosted PE Bulten H Chapman MS Coulter KP Dietrich FS Epstein M Filippone BW Gao H Gearhart RA Geesaman DF Hansen J Holt RJ Jackson HE Jones CE Keppel CE Kinney ER Kuhn S Lee K Lorenzon W Lung A Makins NC Margaziotis DJ McKeown RD Milner RG Mueller B Napolitano J Nelson J O'Neill TG Papavassiliou V Petratos GG Potterveld DH Rock SE Spengos M Szalata ZM Tao LH van Bibber K Wasson DA White JL Zeidman B 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1995,52(9):4868-4871
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Makins NC Ent R Chapman MS Hansen J Lee K Milner RG Nelson J Arnold RG Bosted PE Keppel CE Lung A Rock SE Spengos M Szalata ZM Tao LH White JL Coulter KP Geesaman DF Holt RJ Jackson HE Papavassiliou V Potterveld DH Zeidman B Arrington J Beise EJ Belz E Filippone BW Gao H Lorenzon W Mueller B McKeown RD O'Neill TG Epstein M Margaziotis DJ Napolitano J Kinney E Anthony PL van Bibber K Dietrich FS Gearhart RA Patratos GG Kuhn SE van den Brand JF Bulten H Jones CE 《Physical review letters》1994,72(13):1986-1989
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Christoph Peschel Stefan van Wickeren Yves Preibisch Verena Naber Denis Werner Lars Frankenstein Dr. Fabian Horsthemke Prof. Dr. Urs Peuker Prof. Dr. Martin Winter Dr. Sascha Nowak 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(22):e202200485
Herein we report on an analytical study of dry-shredded lithium-ion battery (LIB) materials with unknown composition. Samples from an industrial recycling process were analyzed concerning the elemental composition and (organic) compound speciation. Deep understanding of the base material for LIB recycling was obtained by identification and analysis of transition metal stoichiometry, current collector metals, base electrolyte and electrolyte additive residues, aging marker molecules and polymer binder fingerprints. For reversed engineering purposes, the main electrode and electrolyte chemistries were traced back to pristine materials. Furthermore, possible lifetime application and accompanied aging was evaluated based on target analysis on characteristic molecules described in literature. With this, the reported analytics provided precious information for value estimation of the undefined spent batteries and enabled tailored recycling process deliberations. The comprehensive feedstock characterization shown in this work paves the way for targeted process control in LIB recycling processes. 相似文献
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Given a solution u to a linear, homogeneous, second‐order elliptic equation with Lipschitz coefficients, we introduce techniques for giving improved estimates of the critical set ??(u)u {x :|δu|(x) = 0}, as well as the first estimates on the effective critical set ??r(u), which roughly consists of points x such that the gradient of u is small somewhere on Br(x) compared to the nonconstancy of u. The results are new even for harmonic functions on ?n. Given such a u, the standard first‐order stratification {lk} of u separates points x based on the degrees of symmetry of the leading‐order polynomial of u‐u(x). In this paper we give a quantitative stratification of u, which separates points based on the number of almost symmetries of approximate leading‐order polynomials of u at various scales. We prove effective estimates on the volume of the tubular neighborhood of each , which lead directly to (n‐2 + ?)‐Minkowski type estimates for the critical set of u. With some additional regularity assumptions on the coefficients of the equation, we refine the estimate to give new proofs of the uniform (n‐2)‐Hausdorff measure estimate on the critical set and singular sets of u.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Emily B. Corcoran Jonathan P. McMullen Franois Lvesque Michael K. Wismer John R. Naber 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(29):11964-11968
With the development of new photocatalytic methods over recent decades, the translation of these chemical reactions to industrial‐production scales using continuous‐flow reactors has become a topic of increasing interest. In this context, we describe our studies toward elucidating an empirically derived parameter for scaling photocatalytic reactions in flow. By evaluating the performance of a photocatalytic C?N cross‐coupling reaction across multiple reactor sizes and geometries, it was demonstrated that expressing product yield as a function of the absorbed photon equivalents provides a predictive, empirical scaling parameter. Through the use of this scaling factor and characterization of the photonic flux within each reactor, the cross‐coupling was scaled successfully from the milligram scale in batch to a multi‐kilogram reaction in flow. 相似文献