Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time and Reactor Configuration During Fermentation of Diluted Chicken Manure

In this study, single-stage and two-phase semi-continuous thermophilic anaerobic reactors fed with diluted (3 % total solids (TS) and 1.8 % volatile solids (VS)) chicken manure at three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were compared interms of biogas production rate, methane content of the produced biogas, and VS and TS removal. Along the study, HRTs of 16, 12, and 8 days were implemented to the single-stage and the two-phase systems. It was observed that the single-stage anaerobic system was superior to the two-phase anaerobic system according to their biogas production rates (517 vs. 356, 551 vs. 359, 459 vs. 386 (mL/g VS_feed)) at all HRTs. On the other hand, methane content of the biogas produced was higher in the two-phase system compared to the single-stage system.     

Synthesis,characterization, antioxidant,antimicrobial and DNA binding properties of ruthenium(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of Schiff base containing o-vanillin

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this study, the complex combinations of Ru(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with Schiff base obtained through the condensation of (E)-methyl...     

An integrated optical spatial filter

The demonstration of a static integrated optical spatial digital filter based upon the Bragg effect is reported and a design for a programmable filter is suggested.     

Particle tracking in living cells: a review of the mean square displacement method and beyond

The focus of many particle tracking experiments in the last decade has been active systems, such as living cells. In active systems, the particles undergo simultaneous active and thermally driven transport. In contrast to thermally driven transport, particle motion driven by active processes cannot directly be correlated to the rheology of the probed region. The rheology in particle tracking experiments is typically obtained through the mean square displacements (MSD) of the trajectories. Hence, the MSD and its functional form remain the only basic tools to evaluate and compare living cells or other active systems. However, the mechano-structural characteristics of the intracellular environment and the mechanisms driving particle transport cannot be revealed by the MSD alone. Hence, approaches for advanced analysis of particle trajectories have been introduced recently. Here, we present a broad review of the extensive intracellular particle tracking experiments that have been carried out on a wide variety of cell types. Those works utilize the MSD, revealing similarities and differences relating to cell type and experimental setup. We also highlight several advanced trajectory-and displacement-based analysis methods and illustrate their capabilities using particle tracking data obtained from two cancer cell lines. We show that combining these analysis methods with the MSD can reveal additional information on intracellular structure and the existence and nature of active processes driving particle motion in cells.     

Nonlinear dynamic modeling for fault ride-through capability of DFIG-based wind farm

Fault ride-through (FRT) is a control model enhanced to protect doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) during voltage dip occurring in grid. In this study, stator and rotor circuit dynamic modeling enhanced in terms of simulation performance and fast system responses during instability in DFIG-based wind farm, besides, a FRT capability strategy were enhanced for nonlinear supercapacitor modeling in DFIG-based wind farm. The transient stability analyses of the DFIG with and without supercapacitor as well as positive–negative-sequence dynamic modeling (PNSDM) were compared for three phases, two phases, two-phase-ground and a-phase-ground faults. Furthermore, variations such as DFIG output voltage, DFIG angular speed, DFIG electrical torque and DFIG d–q axis stator current variations were also evaluated. It was found that the DFIG-based wind farm became stable within a short time using the PNSDM and supercapacitor.