燃气轮机考虑经济性和环保因素的热力分析

主要符号表人，从，C，H年运行小时数对热效率风，i二1，2价格方程的系数Hu燃料低位发热量雷压比c燃料含碳百分比d贴现率，温比CO投资额J单位质量C02罚款Cj年均燃料费M比例系数下标Cth年均运行维修费N电站容量0基准值COE发电成本。运行年限C发电成本E考虑变工况的系数P单位功率价格…最佳值G空气流量马单位能量燃料价格，热效率G，燃料流量产年投资费用率1概述在进行动力机械的循环热力分析时，结合经济因素与环保因素来定量进行，是实际生产的要求，也是热力循环分析的一次创新。本文将以燃气轮机发电机组为例，对此进行首次试探，…     

拉曼光谱及其检测时样品前处理的研究进展

拉曼光谱具有操作简单,所需样本量小,检测灵敏度高等特点,可进行现场快速筛查、检测及鉴别。样品前处理直接影响分析结果的准确度和精密度,而且操作繁琐费时。发展快速、高效的样品前处理技术进而结合拉曼光谱检测技术具有重要的研究意义,特别是与增强拉曼光谱相结合进行食品、农产品中等残留物的衡量检测已成为研究热点。本文阐述了拉曼光谱产生的原理,介绍了拉曼光谱的起源和发展,讨论了表面增强拉曼光谱技术、针尖增强拉曼光谱技术和壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱技术,并对拉曼检测之前的样品预处理进行了讨论。     

大气等离子体加工过程的原子发射光谱研究

大气等离子体加工反应过程中,等离子体发生装置的热稳定过程对去除率有直接影响,CF₄是化学反应中活性F*原子的提供者,O₂是重要的辅助气体。为了寻找这三者对大气等离子体加工反应过程的影响规律,采用大气等离子体加工系统进行加工、光谱仪监控等离子体反应过程的活性F*原子的光谱变化。实验结果表明,在大气压等离子体加工系统中: 热稳定后,活性F*原子强度基本不随时间变化;随着CF₄含量的增加,F*原子谱线轮廓发生了自吸收现象,这说明采用光谱法研究CF₄含量对活性F*原子含量的影响是不完全准确的;由于O₂易和CF₄解离的中间产物反应,抑制活性粒子重新组合,因此一定范围内随着O₂含量增加,活性F*原子增加。     

直接相位调制产生周期性线性啁啾脉冲特性研究

提出一种利用周期性抛物线调制信号对光脉冲进行相位调制以获得周期性线性啁啾脉冲的方法, 并对其进行了数值模拟与实验研究. 数值模拟结果表明: 增益饱和效应、群速度色散以及同步误差对啁啾脉冲的时间-光谱特性影响较大; 自相位调制对啁啾脉冲的影响较小. 实验获得了0.52 nm带宽的周期性线性啁啾脉冲, 与模拟结果符合较好. 实验结果同时表明装置中存在较大的偏振模色散, 导致幅频效应较大, 后续的研究中需加入对此的考虑. 模拟及实验研究表明: 直接相位调制是一种新型的可方便地获得周期性线性啁啾脉冲的方法, 其在光谱色散平滑中具有潜在应用. 关键词： 直接相位调制 周期性线性啁啾脉冲 幅频效应     

Entropy Generation for Negative Frictional Pressure Drop in Vertical Slug and Churn Flows

It is widely accepted that the frictional pressure drop is impossible to be negative for pipe flow. However, the negative frictional pressure drops were observed for some cases of two-phase slug and churn flows in pipes, challenging the general sense of thermodynamic irreversibility. In order to solve this puzzling problem, theoretical investigations were performed for the entropy generation in slug and churn flows. It is found that the frictional pressure drop along with a buoyancy-like term contributes to the entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss for steady, incompressible slug and churn flows in vertical and inclined pipes. Experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with diameter as 0.04 m for slug and churn flows. Most of the experimental data obtained for frictional pressure drop are negative at high gas–liquid ratios from 100 to 10,000. Entropy generation rates were calculated from experimental data. The results show that the buoyancy-like term is positive and responsible for a major part of entropy generation rate while the frictional pressure drop is responsible for a little part of entropy generation rate, because of which the overall entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss is still positive even if the frictional pressure drop is negative in vertical slug and churn flows. It is clear that the negative frictional pressure drops observed in slug and churn flows are not against the thermodynamics irreversibility.     

具连续变量的三阶非线性中立型差分方程有界解的振动性

研究一类具有连续变量的三阶多时滞中立型非线性差分方程,获得该类方程有界解振动的充分条件.     

Analysis of secondary electron emission using the fractal method

Based on the rough surface topography with fractal parameters and the Monte–Carlo simulation method for secondary electron emission properties, we analyze the secondary electron yield(SEY) of a metal with rough surface topography. The results show that when the characteristic length scale of the surface, G, is larger than 1 × 10^-7, the surface roughness increases with the increasing fractal dimension D. When the surface roughness becomes larger, it is difficult for entered electrons to escape surface. As a result, more electrons are collected and then SEY decreases. When G is less than 1 × 10^-7,the effect of the surface topography can be ignored, and the SEY almost has no change as the dimension D increases. Then,the multipactor thresholds of a C-band rectangular impedance transfer and an ultrahigh-frequency-band coaxial impedance transfer are predicted by the relationship between the SEY and the fractal parameters. It is verified that for practical microwave devices, the larger the parameter G is, the higher the multipactor threshold is. Also, the larger the value of D,the higher the multipactor threshold.     

基于重复博弈的地方政府精准扶贫合作机制研究

精准扶贫是习近平总书记为彻底解决贫困问题而提出一项战略要求。精准扶贫是一项复杂性较高、涉及范畴较广的系统工作,其工作的展开需要由地方政府共同协作完成。地方政府合作周期长短对精准扶贫有着巨大的影响,基于博弈论的基本思想方法,针对地方政府精准扶贫合作机制进行研究。首先,针对精准扶贫过程中完全信息静态博弈的情况,构建地方政府合作与非合作的无限次重复博弈模型,并分析双方政府均采取冷酷战略时,彼此合作的临界贴现因子;然后,针对精准扶贫过程中地方政府合作周期长短对精准扶贫成效的问题,探讨了有限重复博弈模型的临界贴现因子与地方政府合作周期的关系。分析表明：在精准扶贫过程中,双方政府合作周期越长,临界贴现因子越小,精准扶贫合作的稳定性越强。最后,针对精准扶贫过程中地方政府合作周期和合作机制等提出对策和建议。     

菲涅尔区域的乳腺三维超声成像技术

该文提出了一种基于菲涅尔区域的乳腺三维超声成像技术,可实现病变组织早期的定性诊断与定量监测。主要研究内容包括：采用透射方式,以慢度作为反演参量,将正演与反演的透射时间差作为迭代判据,基于菲涅尔区域法实现乳腺组织的二维反演成像;根据柱面传感阵列的分布特点,将乳腺三维超声成像问题转为二维成像问题,进而实现乳腺三维超声成像;计算三维病变成像声速及尺寸误差,并分析菲涅尔区域法的成像分辨率以及入射频率对成像分辨率的影响。该文研究结果证明基于柱面传感阵列的菲涅尔区域法可实现乳腺三维超声成像并有效实现病变早期监测与诊断。     

Large Strain Tensile Deformation and Failure in Oriented Isotactic Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite: Role of Voiding and Molecular Orientation

Plane strain compression of isotactic polypropylene iPP)/clay nanocomposite in a channel die at 140 and 160°C, respectively, has been adopted to prepare oriented samples with well-controlled structure for comparative studies. Molecular orientation in the amorphous phase, independent of clay loadings, decreases with increasing preparation temperature, whereas crystallographic orientation is nearly the same for all oriented samples. Severer voiding and void coalescence during stretching, mostly induced by the crystals and inter-chain sliding in the amorphous phase, respectively, is suggested to be responsible for higher volume dilatation and lower failure strain in the oriented samples prepared at higher temperature (e.g., 160°C). Fracture toughness is well correlated with the molecular orientation and crystal-dependent voiding in the oriented samples with respect to preparation temperatures. Furthermore, debonding of clay in the iPP matrix, especially in the oriented samples prepared at 140°C, is another contributor to the enhanced toughness.