sym-polymethylferricinium hexafluorophosphates

A series of salts of the general formula [(CH₃)_nC₅H_5?n]₂FePF₆ with n = 0–5 has been synthesized. Elemental analysis of the compounds was carried out and their IR spectra recorded     

Regulatory T-cell vaccination independent of auto-antigen

To date, efforts to treat autoimmune diseases have primarily focused on the disease symptoms rather than on the cause of the disease. In large part, this is attributed to not knowing the responsible auto-antigens (auto-Ags) for driving the self-reactivity coupled with the poor success of treating autoimmune diseases using oral tolerance methods. Nonetheless, if tolerogenic approaches or methods that stimulate regulatory T (T_reg) cells can be devised, these could subdue autoimmune diseases. To forward such efforts, our approach with colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae is to establish bystander immunity to ultimately drive the development of auto-Ag-specific T_reg cells. Using an attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing CFA/I fimbriae, fimbriae-specific T_reg cells were induced without compromising the vaccine''s capacity to protect against travelers'' diarrhea or salmonellosis. By adapting the vaccine''s anti-inflammatory properties, it was found that it could also dampen experimental inflammatory diseases resembling multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis. Because of this bystander effect, disease-specific T_reg cells are eventually induced to resolve disease. Interestingly, this same vaccine could elicit the required T_reg cell subset for each disease. For MS-like disease, conventional CD25⁺ T_reg cells are stimulated, but for arthritis CD39⁺ T_reg cells are induced instead. This review article will examine the potential of treating autoimmune diseases without having previous knowledge of the auto-Ag using an innocuous antigen to stimulate T_reg cells via the production of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10.     

The effect of the strucutre of alkylferrocenes on their fragmentation types upon electron impact

The mass spectra of eight alkylferrocenes: 1,1′- ;dimethyl-, ethyl-, 1,1′-diethyl-, 1,1′-di-n-propyl-, 1,1′-diisopropyl-, 1,1′-di-n-butyl-, 1,1′-di-t-butylferrocene and tetra-t-butylferrocene, are reported in detail. General and specific fragmentations of these compounds are discussed.     

α-Ferrocenylalkylation of the benzotriazole anion

Conclusions The N--ferrocenylalkylation of the benzotriazolide ion by -hydroxyferrocenyl derivatives was carried out in a two-phase system consisting of CH₂Cl₂ and 45% aqueous HBF₄ to give high yields of N-ferrocenylalkylbenzotriazoles.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1397–1400, June, 1985.Deceased.