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991.
Superhydrophobic surfaces with uniformly superhydrophobic surface where nano-scale structures were fabricated by alkali surface modification method and self-assembled monolayer coating. To enhance mechanical durability of the superhydrophobicity, we propose the fabrication process for dual-scale hierarchical structures combining both microstructure via sandblasting techniques and the nanostructured aluminum hydroxide layer. The superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated by both methods exhibited a high water contact angle and very low contact angle hysteresis. By forming the hierarchical structure, the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic aluminum hydroxide surface was improved. The resulting hierarchical structures are suitable for diverse applications of aluminum in various industrial areas, including self-cleaning, anti-frosting, and microfluidic devices for rigorous environments. 相似文献
992.
The influence of reactive oxygen species on living cells, including various microbes, is discussed. A sterilization experiment with bacterial endospores reveals that an argon–oxygen plasma jet very effectively kills endospores of Bacillus atrophaeus (ATCC 9372), thereby indicating that oxygen radicals are the key element of sterilization. Ozone in acidic water also kills endospores of B. atrophaeus very effectively, demonstrating the capability of cleaning a large surface area contaminated by toxic biological agents. The viable microbe numbers after the contact with acidic ozone water directly correlate with increase in the ozone decay time in water after lowering the pH value of water from pH = 7 to 4 indicating that acidic ozone water is an effective means of sterilizing microbes. However, advanced cells such as fertilized eggs were not greatly influenced by the acidic ozone water. Also, both human and canine cells after treatment with the acidic ozone water prospered without showing signs of stress due to ozone in acidic water. This study suggests that antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase can be developed in the advanced cells to protect themselves from attacks by reactive oxygen species. Meanwhile, the advanced cells utilize oxygen by certain enzymes, proliferating life on earth. 相似文献
993.
B. Hwang J. Kwon M. Lee S.J. Lim S. Jeon S. Kim U. Ham Y.J. Song Y. Kuk 《Current Applied Physics》2013,13(7):1365-1369
It has been known that a good quality h-BN layer can only be grown within a narrow temperature window of 1020–1100 K on a copper substrate. We found that the growth temperature window on Cu(111) surface could be lowered up to 100 K by ionizing and/or exciting borazine precursor gas with an electron-beam. The structures of a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layers grown at various substrate temperatures on a Cu(111) were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy. We found that the grown h-BN film exhibits highly inert behavior with wide bandgap semiconductor characteristics. 相似文献
994.
995.
Dong Eok Kim Ki Hoon YangKyung Won Hwang Young Ho HaMoo Hwan Kim 《International Journal of Multiphase Flow》2011
A new physical model for calculating the liquid film thickness and condensation heat transfer coefficient in a vertical condenser tube is proposed by considering the effects of gravity, liquid viscosity, and vapor flow in the core region of the flow. To estimate the velocity profile in the liquid film, the liquid film was assumed to be in Couette flow forced by the interfacial velocity at the liquid–vapor interface. For simplifying the calculation procedures, the interfacial velocity was estimated by introducing an empirical power-law velocity profile. The resulting film thickness and heat transfer coefficient from the model were compared with the experimental data and the results obtained from the other condensation models. The results demonstrated that the proposed model described the liquid film thinning effect by the vapor shear flow and predicted the condensation heat transfer coefficient from experiments reasonably well. 相似文献
996.
Suk-Geun Hwang 《Linear algebra and its applications》2011,434(2):475-479
A family F of square matrices of the same order is called a quasi-commuting family if (AB-BA)C=C(AB-BA) for all A,B,C∈F where A,B,C need not be distinct. Let fk(x1,x2,…,xp),(k=1,2,…,r), be polynomials in the indeterminates x1,x2,…,xp with coefficients in the complex field C, and let M1,M2,…,Mr be n×n matrices over C which are not necessarily distinct. Let and let δF(x1,x2,…,xp)=detF(x1,x2,…,xp). In this paper, we prove that, for n×n matrices A1,A2,…,Ap over C, if {A1,A2,…,Ap,M1,M2,…,Mr} is a quasi-commuting family, then F(A1,A2,…,Ap)=O implies that δF(A1,A2,…,Ap)=O. 相似文献
997.
Chemosignaling of hydrazine by selective deprotection of levulinated coumarin was investigated. In the presence of hydrazine, levulinated coumarin was selectively deprotected, resulting in chromogenic and fluorescent turn-on type signaling. The selective naked-eye detectable signaling of hydrazine was possible in the presence of representative metal ions and common anions in an aqueous environment. 相似文献
998.
Hyung Ju Hwang Alan D. Rendall Juan J. L. Velázquez 《Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis》2011,200(1):313-360
The Vlasov–Poisson system describes interacting systems of collisionless particles. For solutions with small initial data
in three dimensions it is known that the spatial density of particles decays as t
−3 at late times. In this paper this statement is refined to show that each derivative of the density which is taken leads to
an extra power of decay, so that in N dimensions for
N \geqq 3{N \geqq 3} the derivative of the density of order k decays as t
−N-k
. An asymptotic formula for the solution at late times is also obtained. 相似文献
999.
Dah-Yan Hwang 《Applied mathematics and computation》2011,217(23):9598-9605
Several inequalities for differentiable convex, wright-convex and quasi-convex mapping are obtained respectively that are connected with the celebrated Hermite-Hadamard integral inequality. Also, some error estimates for weighted Trapezoid formula and higher moments of random variables are given. 相似文献
1000.
Chao-Ming Hwang Miin-Shen Yang Wen-Liang Hung E. Stanley Lee 《Mathematical and Computer Modelling》2011,53(9-10):1788-1797
Similarity measures of type-2 fuzzy sets are used to indicate the similarity degree between type-2 fuzzy sets. Inclusion measures for type-2 fuzzy sets are the degrees to which a type-2 fuzzy set is a subset of another type-2 fuzzy set. The entropy of type-2 fuzzy sets is the measure of fuzziness between type-2 fuzzy sets. Although several similarity, inclusion and entropy measures for type-2 fuzzy sets have been proposed in the literatures, no one has considered the use of the Sugeno integral to define those for type-2 fuzzy sets. In this paper, new similarity, inclusion and entropy measure formulas between type-2 fuzzy sets based on the Sugeno integral are proposed. Several examples are used to present the calculation and to compare these proposed measures with several existing methods for type-2 fuzzy sets. Numerical results show that the proposed measures are more reasonable than existing measures. On the other hand, measuring the similarity between type-2 fuzzy sets is important in clustering for type-2 fuzzy data. We finally use the proposed similarity measure with a robust clustering method for clustering the patterns of type-2 fuzzy sets. 相似文献