Ruthenium(II) complexes containing 4‐methoxybenzhydrazone ligands: synthesis,characterization, DNA binding,DNA cleavage,radical scavenging and in vitro cytotoxic activity

Three ruthenium(II) hydrazone complexes of composition [RuCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂L] were synthesized from the reactions of [RuHCl(CO)(PPh₃)₃] with hydrazones derived from 4‐methoxybenzhydrazide and 4‐formylbenzoic acid (HL¹), 4‐methylbenzaldehyde (HL²) and 2‐bromobenzaldehyde (HL³). The synthesized hydrazone ligands and their metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared, UV–visible, NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P) and mass spectral techniques. The hydrazone ligands act as bidentate ones, with O and N as the donor sites, and are predominantly found in the enol form in all the complexes studied. The molecular structures of the ligands HL¹, HL² and HL³ were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The interactions of the ligands and the complexes with calf thymus DNA were studied using absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry which revealed that the compounds could interact with calf thymus DNA through intercalation. The DNA cleavage activity of the complexes was evaluated using a gel electrophoresis assay which revealed that the complexes act as good DNA cleavage agents. In addition, all the complexes were subjected to antioxidant assay, which showed that they all possess significant scavenging activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, OH and NO radicals. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of the complexes examined on cancerous cell lines (HeLa and MCF‐7) showed that the complexes exhibit substantial anticancer activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,characterization, catalytic and antimicrobial studies of ruthenium(III) complexes

Ru(III) complexes of the type [RuXB(L)2] have been prepared by the reaction of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (HL¹–HL⁴) with the precursors of the type [RuX₃B₃] where X=Cl or Br; B=PPh₃ or AsPh₃ and L is the deprotonated ligand. The synthesized complexes were characterized by physico-chemical methods, electrochemical and magnetic moment data. The catalytic efficiency of the complexes were examined in the oxidation of alcohols and antimicrobial studies were also carried out.      

Design and synthesis of 4-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl)-1 -(4-substituted/unsubstituted benzylidene) semicarbazide:Novel agents with analgesic,anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic properties

A new series of isatin semicarbazide derivatives(7a-7j) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic means and elemental analysis.Analgesic and anti-inflammatory screening was performed using tail-flick technique and the carrageenan-induced foot paw edema test respectively.The ulcerogenicity was also determined for all the compounds.Some of the compounds showed moderate enhancement of the activity.Among the synthesized derivatives,compound 7d showed higher analgesic, antiinflammatory and one-third of ulcer index of the reference drug.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Nitrothianes: Enhancement of Stereoselectivity by Microwaves

The Michael addition of nitromethane to (Z,Z)-2,2′-thiobis(1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-ones) in the presence of NaOEt in dimethylformamide (DMF)/alcohol under thermal conditions affords a diastereomeric mixture of 2a,6e-diaroyl-3a,5e-diaryl-4e-nitrothianes and 2e,6e-diaroyl-3e,5e-diaryl-4e-nitrothianes with a dr of ～3:1/4:1 respectively. This reaction under microwave irradiation in DMF/alcohol afforded solely 2a,6e-diaroyl-3a,5e-diaryl-4e-nitrothianes, disclosing enhancement of stereoselectivity by microwaves.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.     

Molecular Characterization of Mosquitocidal Toxin (Surface Layer Protein,SLP) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus cereus</Emphasis> VCRC B540

A marine Bacillus cereus (VCRC B540) with mosquitocidal effect was recently reported from red snapper fish (Lutjanus sanguineous) gut and surface layer protein (S-layer protein, SLP) was reported to be mosquito larvicidal factor. In this present study, the gene encoding the surface layer protein was amplified from the genomic DNA and functionally characterized. Amplification of SLP-encoding gene revealed 1,518 bp PCR product, and analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of 1482 bp open reading frame with coding capacity for a polypeptide of 493 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed with homology among closely related Bacillus cereus groups of organisms as well as Bacillus strains. Removal of nucleotides encoding signaling peptide revealed the functional cloning fragment of length 1398 bp. Theoretical molecular weight (51.7 kDa) and isoelectric point (5.99) of the deduced functional SLP protein were predicted using ProtParam. The amplified PCR product was cloned into a plasmid vector (pGEM-T), and the open reading frame free off signaling peptide was subsequently cloned inpET-28a(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-induced recombinant SLP was confirmed using western blotting, and functional SLP revealed mosquito larvicidal property. Therefore, the major findings revealed that SLP is a factor responsible for mosquitocidal activity, and the molecular characterization of this toxin was extensively studied.     

A study on degradation of germanium coating on Kapton used for spacecraft sunshield application

Sunshield membranes made of germanium‐coated black polyimide (GBP) or Kapton are often used on the reflector/transmitter antenna of satellites for thermal control applications. However, the germanium top layer is prone to degrade during ground storage and implementation. Hence, vacuum/inert gas‐sealed packaging is required for storing the membranes, followed by a staggered fabrication schedule as the shelf‐life of the GBP is identified as only ~6 months. In the present study, microstructural, thermo‐optical, and electrical properties along with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies for evaluating oxidation states of the as‐received and degraded GBP films have been investigated thoroughly. The radio frequency (RF) loss behavior of both the films has also been studied for S band (2.5–3.5 GHz), Ku band (10.5–14.5 GHz), and Ka band (30–35 GHz). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Catalyst-free allylation of 2-aminophenol–derived aldimines with allyltrichlorosilane under thermal conditions

Allylation of 2-aminophenol-derived aldimines using allyltrichlorosilane under catalyst free conditions has been developed. This reaction afforded the corresponding homoallylic amines in good to excellent yields (68–94%). The salicylaldehyde-derived aldimines as well as benzoylhydrazone also found to react with allyltrichlorosilane smoothly under the same conditions, to furnish the corresponding homoallylic amine derivatives. This study suggests that the phenolic –OH group acts as an anchoring group for the transfer of allyl group from allyl silane reagent.     

Near Supramolecular Isomorphism Involving Homologous Solvents: Pyrimethaminium Terephthalate Methanol Solvate and Pyrimethaminium Terephthalate Ethanol Solvate

Abstract  

Two nearly isostructural pseudopolymorphic forms of pyrimethaminium terephthalate have been synthesized and their supramolecular architectures analyzed. In both the crystals, the protonated pyrimethamine (PMN) cation interacts with the carboxylate anion via N–H···O hydrogen bonds to form the robust R₂²(8) motif. The centrosymmetrically (N–H···N) paired PMN cations are bridged on either sides by interaction of the solvent molecules with the amino groups (N–H···O) of PMN cations. The combination of two R₂²(8) motifs formed between the PMN cations and PMN cation solvent, leads to the formation of the complementary DADA (D = hydrogen bonded donor, A = hydrogen bonded acceptor) array of quadruple hydrogen bonds. The solvent molecule further interacts with the corresponding anion via O–H···O hydrogen bonds. Moreover, both the solvates exhibit several edge to face stacking interactions. They have in common, two C–H···π interactions; one between the symmetry related cations and other between the cation and anion. The molecular packing of the ethanol solvate is further strengthened by C–H···O and C–H···π interaction between the solvent and the ions.     

Toxicity of Bioactive Molecule Andrographolide against Spodoptera litura Fab and Its Binding Potential with Detoxifying Enzyme Cytochrome P450

Spodoptera litura Fab. is a polyphagous pest causing damage to many agriculture crops leading to yield loss. Recurrent usage of synthetic pesticides to control this pest has resulted in resistance development. Plant-derived diterpenoid compound andrographolide was isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata. It was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and quantified by HPLC. Nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic profile were evaluated. Third, fourth and fifth instar larvae were treated with different concentrations of andrographolide. At 3, 6 and 9 ppm-treated concentrations the larvae showed decreased RGR, RCR, ECI, ECD values with adverse increase in AD. The digestive enzymes were significantly inhibited when compared with control. Conspicuously, andrographolide showed pronounced mortality of S. litura by inhibition of enzyme secretion and intake of food. The binding ability of andrographolide with CYTP450 showed high affinity with low binding energy. Andrographolide has the potential to be exploited as a biocontrol agent against S. litura as an eco-friendly pesticide.